Lateral moving optics along straight path has already been studied in the past. However, their relative
small angular range can be a limitation to potential applications. In this work, a new design concept of
SMS moving optics is developed, in which the movement is no longer lateral but follows a curved
trajectory, which is calculated in the design process. We have chosen an afocal system, which aim to
direct the parallel rays of large incident angles to parallel output rays, and we have obtained that the
RMS of the divergence angle of the output rays remains below 1 degree within a input angular range of
±45 output. Potential applications of this beam-steering device are: skylights to provide steerable
natural illumination, building integrated CPV systems, and steerable LED illumination.
The SMS, Simultaneous Multiple Surfaces, design was born to Nonimaging Optics applications and is now being
applied also to Imaging Optics. In this paper the wave aberration function of a selected SMS design is studied.
It has been found the SMS aberrations can be analyzed with a little set of parameters, sometimes two. The
connection of this model with the conventional aberration expansion is also presented. To verify these mathematical
model two SMS design systems were raytraced and the data were analyzed with a classical statistical
methods: the plot of discrepancies and the quadratic average error. Both the tests show very good agreement
with the model for our systems.
In this work, novel imaging designs with a single optical surface (either refractive or reflective) are presented. In some of
these designs, both object and image shapes are given but mapping from object to image is obtained as a result of the
design. In other designs, not only the mapping is obtained in the design process, but also the shape of the object is found.
In the examples considered, the image is virtual and located at infinity and is seen from known pupil, which can emulate
a human eye.
In the first introductory part, 2D designs have been done using three different design methods: a SMS design, a
compound Cartesian oval surface, and a differential equation method for the limit case of small pupil. At the point-size
pupil limit, it is proven that these three methods coincide.
In the second part, previous 2D designs are extended to 3D by rotation and the astigmatism of the image has been
studied. As an advanced variation, the differential equation method is used to provide the freedom to control the
tangential rays and sagittal rays simultaneously. As a result, designs without astigmatism (at the small pupil limit) on a
curved object surface have been obtained. Finally, this anastigmatic differential equation method has been extended to
3D for the general case, in which freeform surfaces are designed.
Two quasi-aplanatic free-form solid V-groove collimators are presented in this work. Both optical designs are originally
designed using the Simultaneous Multiple Surface method in three dimensions (SMS 3D). The second optically active
surface in both free-form V-groove devices is designed a posteriori as a grooved surface. First two mirror (XX) design is
designed in order to clearly show the design procedure and working principle of these devices. Second, RXI free-form
design is comparable with existing RXI collimators; it is a compact and highly efficient design made of polycarbonate
(PC) performing very good colour mixing of the RGGB LED sources placed off-axis. There have been presented
rotationally symmetric non-aplanatic high efficiency collimators with colour mixing property to be improved and
rotationally symmetric aplanatic devices with good colour mixing property and efficiency to be improved. The aim of
this work was to design a free-form device in order to improve colour mixing property of the rotationally symmetric non-aplanatic
RXI devices and the efficiency of the aplanatic ones.
In this work, a new design concept of SMS moving optics is developed, in which the movement is no longer lateral but
follows a curved trajectory calculated in the design process. Curved tracking trajectory helps to broaden the incident
angle’s range significantly. We have chosen an afocal-type structure which aim to direct the parallel rays of large
incident angles to parallel output rays. The RMS of the divergence angle of the output rays remains below 1 degree for
an incident angular range of ±450. Potential applications of this beam-steering device are: skylights to provide steerable
natural illumination, building integrated CPV systems, and steerable LED illumination.
In this work, two SMS algorithms are presented for an objective design with different selected ray-bundles: three
meridian ray-bundles (3M) and one meridian and two skew ray-bundles (1M-2S), the latter from pin hole point of view,
provides a better sampling of the phase space. Results obtained with different algorithms will be compared.
Lately the short-wave infrared (SWIR) has become very important due to the recent appearance on the market of
the small detectors with a large focal plane array. Military applications for SWIR cameras include handheld and
airborne systems with long range detection requirements, but where volume and weight restrictions must be
considered. In this paper we present three different designs of telephoto objectives that have been designed
according to three different methods. Firstly the conventional method where the starting point of the design is an
existing design. Secondly we will face design starting from the design of an aplanatic system. And finally the
simultaneous multiple surfaces (SMS) method, where the starting point is the input wavefronts that we choose.
The designs are compared in terms of optical performance, volume, weight and manufacturability. Because the
objectives have been designed for the SWIR waveband, the color correction has important implications in the
choice of glass that will be discussed in detail.
Two new optical structures are designed using the Simultaneous Multiple Surfaces (SMS) method, comprised of 2
reflecting surfaces and 2 refracting surfaces, 800mm focal length, f/8 (aperture diameter 100 mm) and 1.180 diagonal
field of view in the SWIR band. The lens surfaces are rotational symmetric and calculated to have good control of
non-paraxial rays. We have achieved designs with excellent performance, and with total system length of less than 60 mm.
In this work, two SMS algorithms are presented for an objective design with different selected ray-bundles: three meridian ray-bundles (3M) and one meridian and two skew ray-bundles (1M-2S), the latter from pin hole point of view, provides a better sampling of the phase space. Results obtained with different algorithms will be compared.
While multichannel configurations are well established for non-imaging applications, they have not been used yet
for imaging applications. In this paper we present for the first time some of multichannel designs for imaging
systems. The multichannel comprises discontinuous optical sections which are called channels. The phase-space
representation of the bundle of rays going from the object to the image is discontinuous between channels. This
phase-space ray-bundle flow is divided in as many paths as channels there are but it is a single wavefront both at the
source and the target. Typically, these multichannel systems are at least formed by three optical surfaces: two of
them have discontinuities (either in the shape or in the shape derivative) while the last is a smooth one. Optical
surfaces discontinuities cause at the phase space the wave front split in separate paths. The number of discontinuities
is the same in the two first surfaces: Each channel is defined by the smooth surfaces in between discontinuities, so
the surfaces forming each separate channel are all smooth. Aplanatic multichannel designs are also shown and used
to explain the design procedure.
In this work, we propose two new optical structures, using the Simultaneous Multiple Surfaces (SMS) method,
comprised of 2 reflecting surfaces and 2 refracting surfaces, 800mm focal length, f/8 (aperture diameter 100 mm)
and 1.18° diagonal field of view in the SWIR band. The lens surfaces are rotational symmetric and calculated to have
good control of non-paraxial rays. We have achieved designs with excellent performance, and with total system
length of less than 60 mm.
Using the Simultaneous Multiple Surface method in 2D (SMS2D), we present a
fast catadioptric objective with a wide field of view (125°×96°designed for a microbolometer
detector with 640×480 pixels and 25 microns pixel pitch.
Using the Simultaneous Multiple Surface method in 2D (SMS2D), we present a fast catadioptric objective with a wide
field of view (125°×96°) designed for a microbolometer detector with 640×480 pixels and 25 microns pixel pitch
Keywords: Infrared lens design, thermal imaging, Schwarzschild configuration, SMS2D, wide field of view, driving
cameras, panoramic systems
Using the Simultaneous Multiple Surface method in 2D (SMS2D), we present a fast catadioptric objective with a wide
field of view (125°×96°) designed for a microbolometer detector with 640×480 pixels and 25 microns pixel pitch.
New ultra-thin optical designs are presented that comprise discontinuous optical sections (called channels) working in
parallel (multichanneling) to provide the desired optical function. Aplanatic (a particular case of SMS-design)
multichannel designs are also shown and used to explain more easily the design procedure. Typically, these multichannel
devices are at least formed by three optical surfaces: one of them has discontinuities in the shape, a second one may have
discontinuities in its derivative while the third one is smooth. The number of discontinuities is the same in the two first
surfaces: Each channel is defined by the smooth surfaces in between the discontinuities, so that the surfaces forming
each separate channel are all smooth. No diffractive effects are considered.
The Simultaneous Multiple Surfaces (SMS) was developed as a design method in Nonimaging Optics during the 90s.
Later, the method was extended for designing Imaging Optics. We present an overview of the method applied to imaging
optics in planar (2D) geometry and compare the results with more classical designs based on achieving aplanatism of
different orders. These classical designs are also viewed as particular cases of SMS designs. Systems with up to 4
aspheric surfaces are shown.
The SMS design strategy is shown to perform always better than the classical design (in terms of image quality).
Moreover, the SMS method is a direct method, i.e., it is not based in multi-parametric optimization techniques. This
gives the SMS method an additional interest since it can be used for exploring solutions where the multiparameter
techniques can get lost because of the multiple local minima.
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