Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is a label-free and non-invasive technique for imaging blood vessel and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO2) of living animals in vivo, providing functional information for disease diagnosis. However, most state-of-the-art OR-PAM systems require bulky and costly pulsed lasers, which hinders their wide applications in clinical settings. Here, a reflection-mode low-cost photoacoustic microscopy system using two laser diodes (LDs) was developed for in-vivo microvasculature and sO2 imaging with a high resolution of ~6 μm. The sO2 measurement is validated in both blood phantom and in vivo animal experiments. The phantom study shows that our system has a strong linear relationship with the preset sO2 (R 2 = 0.96). The in-vivo experiment of mouse ear imaging demonstrated that our system can achieve high-resolution and high-quality imaging of microvasculature and sO2. This technical advancement in cost reduction and superior imaging performance promotes the fast and wide applications of PAM in biomedical fields.
Ultraviolet-based photoacoustic microscopy (UV-PAM) has recently been demonstrated as a promising tool to overcome the time-consuming sample preparation procedure in traditional pathological analysis. In order to achieve high-speed UVPAM for clinical usage, we implemented UV-PAM with a single-axis galvo mirror scanner. With our UV laser operating at a repetition rate of 55 kHz, our system produced images ~5.5 times faster than the previously reported point-by-point raster scanning based UV-PAM, with a lateral resolution of ~1.0 μm. Histology-like images of a mouse brain slice were acquired by our system, showing its potential as an intraoperative imaging tool for surgical margin assessment.
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