We report novel living protein-doped planar waveguide, and real-time detection of an organophosphorus compound
using a sol-gel silica planar waveguide doped with a green fluorescent protein and an organophosphorus hydrolase on a
yeast-cell surface. The waveguide was pumped at 488 nm, and emitted green fluorescence at the far field. The green
fluorescent light at 550 nm changed by 50% from the original power 1 min after application of the organophosphorus
compound. The results enable the real-time detection of biochemical weapon and insecticide harmful for human body by
using an in-line fiber sensor network.
A thermally stable crosslinkable electro-optic (EO) polymer is successfully contact-poled in a hybrid EO polymer/sol-gel
waveguide modulator. The highest EO coefficient is demonstrated when the EO polymer is poled with a low
resistivity sol-gel cladding layer. We achieve the highest in-device EO polymer r33 coefficient of 170pm/V at 1.55&mgr;m,
which has not been possible with previously reported polymer claddings. A sol-gel waveguide/cladding plays the main
role in our hybrid approach not only for poling efficiency, but also for low coupling loss, and stable coupling and
waveguiding. The coupled light from the optical fiber propagates through the sol-gel input waveguide and adiabatically
vertically transits between the sol-gel core and the EO polymer core. A phase modulator and a Mach-Zehnder
modulator with a 2.4cm-long electrode and an inter-electrode distance of 15&mgr;m demonstrated a half wave voltages (V &pgr;)
of 2.5V and 1.0V at 1.55&mgr;m, respectively. We also examine a push-pull poled Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulator.
We report hybrid electro-optic (EO) polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators with a structure for an EO polymer confined laterally in a sol-gel over cladding, which is fabricated by all-wet etching process. The structure enables an adiabatic transition between the sol-gel waveguide and thick EO polymer overlayer. Intensity mode is confined well in 0.9-μm-thick EO polymer overlayer, which reduces a half wave voltage (Vπ) due to increased overlap integral in the hybrid EO modulator. Straight channel birefringence EO modulators with the structure reduce the Vπ by the factor of 4 after guided wave well confined in the EO polymer. The straight channel waveguide modulator with 2.4-cm-long electrode demonstrated the Vπ of 13 V. Preliminary testing results using a Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulator were investigated to reduce the Vπ further.
We report hybrid electro-optic (EO) polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators with a structure for an EO polymer confined laterally in a sol-gel over cladding, which is fabricated by all-wet etching process. The structure enables an adiabatic transition between the sol-gel waveguide and thick EO polymer overlayer. Intensity mode is confined well in 0.9-micron-thick EO polymer overlayer, which reduces a half wave voltage (Vπ) due to increased overlap integral in the hybrid EO modulator. Straight channel birefringence EO modulators with the structure reduce the Vπ by the factor of 4 after guided wave well confined in the EO polymer. The straight channel waveguide modulator with 2.4-cm-long electrode demonstrated the Vπ of 13 V. Preliminary testing results using a Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulator were investigated to reduce the Vπ further.
The rapid improvement of the performance of photorefractive polymers over the past few years has generated a strong technological interest for these new materials. The areas of application include holographic storage, image processing, optical correlation, and phase conjugation. This paper reviews some of our recent advances in the field of organic photorefractive materials. We will first present several new polymeric composites that combine high efficiency and long shelf lifetimes. Then we will discuss the performance of a new class of organic photorefractive materials: photorefractive polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Finally, we will present two examples of applications based on photorefractive polymers: (i) optical correlators for security verification, and (ii) imaging through scattering media in the near infra-red.
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