Blue InGaN/GaN broad-ridge laser diodes show rich lateral mode dynamics and filamentation effects in addition to the longitudinal mode dynamics that are known from narrow-ridge laser diodes. We find a complex spectral, spatial and temporal behavior caused by the interplay between lateral and longitudinal mode competition mechanisms. In the experiment we measure the spectral-temporal dynamics with a streak camera, and the lateral resolution is achieved by scanning through a magnified near-field image. Additional time-averaged measurements with a high-resolution spectrometer indicate the presence of multiple longitudinal mode combs and the lateral scans show that there are different lateral modes in each mode comb. But also in separate regions of the laser spectrum, lateral modes of different order can be found.
We investigate the angularly, temporally, and spectrally resolved far-field dynamics of a single lateral mode green (Al,In)GaN laser diodes. For applications as directly modulated light source in laser projection, for AR/VR/MR, etc., a stable beam pointing angle and width of the far-field is required. Combing an angle- resolved measurement with a spectrometer and streak camera, we characterize optical intensity as function of far-field angle, wavelength, and time. Beam pointing angle and width are then calculated from the moments of the angular intensity distributions. We observe a stable far-field behavior for the narrow ridge. This is in contrast to strong variations in beam pointing direction and far-field profile during short pulses for earlier (Al,In)GaN laser diodes, where the dynamics could be tracked to heating of the waveguide. Therefore we attribute the observed stable dynamics of state-of-the-art narrow ridge laser diodes to their low internal losses, low forward voltage, and consequently low heating.
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