Forward Brillouin scattering (FBS) is a newly developed sensing mechanism in optical fiber that has garnered significant attention recently for its ability to identify substances. FBS occurs as a result of optical scattering caused by transverse resonant acoustic waves, and the lifetime of the acoustic wave and the spectral linewidth are directly linked to the acoustic reflectivity on the boundary of the optical fiber. Analyzing the transient response of FBS is essential for enhancing the performance of distributed and non-distributed optical fiber sensing based on FBS. A novel method for phase perturbation analysis is proposed to extract FBS signals from strong background interference caused by the Kerr effect. This presentation represents the first attempt to analyze the FBS properties in the construction process. The proposed theory and experimental results are consistent with and explain previously observed but unexplained phenomena, and are expected to be useful for future analysis.
A dynamic distributed Brillouin optical fiber pressure sensor based on frequency agility technology is proposed, and the performance of dynamic and static pressure sensing is experimentally demonstrated. A set of frequency-agile pump pulse sequences with single pulse duration of 250 ns are generated by an arbitrary waveform generator. The interval of the frequency sweep pulse sequence is 30 μs, the maximum repetition frequency is 18.2 kHz, and the average is 64 times. Double-coated single-mode fiber (SMF) is used as the sensing fiber to enhance the pressure sensitivity of Brillouin frequency shift (BFS), which the outer coating diameter is 3000 μm. The BFS pressure sensitivity of -3.32 MHz/MPa is achieved in the pressure range of 0-24 MPa, which is about 4.5 times that of SMF. The measurement time of the proposed optical fiber pressure sensing system is only 3.52 ms. Furthermore, the dynamic pressure measurement experiment is carried out, and the continuous measurement of the dynamic range of 6-0 MPa is achieved, and the dynamic distributed pressure measurement ability of the sensing system is verified.
In this paper, we analyzed the Brillouin scattering characteristics in micro-nano fibers. According to the elastic mechanics equation and the Helmholtz equation, the mathematical model of the acoustic wave field and the optical field in the cylindrical waveguide with the sub-wavelength scale were established. According to the relationship between intrinsic acoustic mode and dispersion, the mechanism of Brillouin scattering in micro-nano fiber was analyzed. Considering the effects of electrostriction and radiation pressure comprehensively, the influence of two main physical effects, photo-elastic effect and moving-boundary effect on Brillouin gain in the process of acousto-optic coupling was studied. On this basis, the influence of the structure, material, and size of the micro-nano fiber on the Brillouin frequency shift and gain was analyzed and verified experimentally by Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis.
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