Nanoparticle imaging probes for molecular imaging with computed tomography and application to cancer imaging

Ryan K. Roeder; Tyler E. Curtis; Prakash D. Nallathamby; Lisa E. Irimata; Tracie L. McGinnity; Lisa E. Cole; Tracy Vargo-Gogola; Karen D. Cowden Dahl

doi:10.1117/12.2255688

9 March 2017 Nanoparticle imaging probes for molecular imaging with computed tomography and application to cancer imaging

Ryan K. Roeder, Tyler E. Curtis, Prakash D. Nallathamby, Lisa E. Irimata, Tracie L. McGinnity, Lisa E. Cole, Tracy Vargo-Gogola, Karen D. Cowden Dahl

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 10132, Medical Imaging 2017: Physics of Medical Imaging; 101320X (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255688
Event: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2017, Orlando, Florida, United States

Abstract

Precision imaging is needed to realize precision medicine in cancer detection and treatment. Molecular imaging offers the ability to target and identify tumors, associated abnormalities, and specific cell populations with overexpressed receptors. Nuclear imaging and radionuclide probes provide high sensitivity but subject the patient to a high radiation dose and provide limited spatiotemporal information, requiring combined computed tomography (CT) for anatomic imaging. Therefore, nanoparticle contrast agents have been designed to enable molecular imaging and improve detection in CT alone. Core-shell nanoparticles provide a powerful platform for designing tailored imaging probes. The composition of the core is chosen for enabling strong X-ray contrast, multi-agent imaging with photon-counting spectral CT, and multimodal imaging. A silica shell is used for protective, biocompatible encapsulation of the core composition, volume-loading fluorophores or radionuclides for multimodal imaging, and facile surface functionalization with antibodies or small molecules for targeted delivery. Multi-agent (k-edge) imaging and quantitative molecular imaging with spectral CT was demonstrated using current clinical agents (iodine and BaSO₄) and a proposed spectral library of contrast agents (Gd₂O₃, HfO₂, and Au). Bisphosphonate-functionalized Au nanoparticles were demonstrated to enhance sensitivity and specificity for the detection of breast microcalcifications by conventional radiography and CT in both normal and dense mammary tissue using murine models. Moreover, photon-counting spectral CT enabled quantitative material decomposition of the Au and calcium signals. Immunoconjugated Au@SiO₂ nanoparticles enabled highly-specific targeting of CD133+ ovarian cancer stem cells for contrast-enhanced detection in model tumors.

Conference Presentation

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Ryan K. Roeder, Tyler E. Curtis, Prakash D. Nallathamby, Lisa E. Irimata, Tracie L. McGinnity, Lisa E. Cole, Tracy Vargo-Gogola, and Karen D. Cowden Dahl "Nanoparticle imaging probes for molecular imaging with computed tomography and application to cancer imaging", Proc. SPIE 10132, Medical Imaging 2017: Physics of Medical Imaging, 101320X (9 March 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255688

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