Phenotype analysis of early risk factors from electronic medical records improves image-derived diagnostic classifiers for optic nerve pathology

Shikha Chaganti; Kunal P. Nabar; Katrina M. Nelson; Louise A. Mawn; Bennett A. Landman

doi:10.1117/12.2254618

13 March 2017 Phenotype analysis of early risk factors from electronic medical records improves image-derived diagnostic classifiers for optic nerve pathology

Shikha Chaganti, Kunal P. Nabar, Katrina M. Nelson, Louise A. Mawn, Bennett A. Landman

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 10138, Medical Imaging 2017: Imaging Informatics for Healthcare, Research, and Applications; 101380F (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254618
Event: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2017, Orlando, Florida, United States

Abstract

We examine imaging and electronic medical records (EMR) of 588 subjects over five major disease groups that affect optic nerve function. An objective evaluation of the role of imaging and EMR data in diagnosis of these conditions would improve understanding of these diseases and help in early intervention. We developed an automated image processing pipeline that identifies the orbital structures within the human eyes from computed tomography (CT) scans, calculates structural size, and performs volume measurements. We customized the EMR-based phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to derive diagnostic EMR phenotypes that occur at least two years prior to the onset of the conditions of interest from a separate cohort of 28,411 ophthalmology patients. We used random forest classifiers to evaluate the predictive power of image-derived markers, EMR phenotypes, and clinical visual assessments in identifying disease cohorts from a control group of 763 patients without optic nerve disease. Image-derived markers showed more predictive power than clinical visual assessments or EMR phenotypes. However, the addition of EMR phenotypes to the imaging markers improves the classification accuracy against controls: the AUC improved from 0.67 to 0.88 for glaucoma, 0.73 to 0.78 for intrinsic optic nerve disease, 0.72 to 0.76 for optic nerve edema, 0.72 to 0.77 for orbital inflammation, and 0.81 to 0.85 for thyroid eye disease. This study illustrates the importance of diagnostic context for interpretation of image-derived markers and the proposed PheWAS technique provides a flexible approach for learning salient features of patient history and incorporating these data into traditional machine learning analyses.

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Citation Download Citation

Shikha Chaganti, Kunal P. Nabar, Katrina M. Nelson, Louise A. Mawn, and Bennett A. Landman "Phenotype analysis of early risk factors from electronic medical records improves image-derived diagnostic classifiers for optic nerve pathology", Proc. SPIE 10138, Medical Imaging 2017: Imaging Informatics for Healthcare, Research, and Applications, 101380F (13 March 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254618

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