Direct UV-written integrated waveguides using 213nm light (Conference Presentation)

Paul C. Gow; Rex H. S. Bannerman; James C. Gates; Christopher Holmes; Peter G. R. Smith

doi:10.1117/12.2289592

14 March 2018 Direct UV-written integrated waveguides using 213nm light (Conference Presentation)

Paul C. Gow, Rex H. S. Bannerman, James C. Gates, Christopher Holmes, Peter G. R. Smith

Proceedings Volume 10535, Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXII; 105350M (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289592
Event: SPIE OPTO, 2018, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Direct UV writing is a technique capable of fabricating low-loss channel waveguides, couplers and Bragg gratings in planar silica devices by translating an appropriate substrate through a tightly focused UV beam. To date direct UV written waveguides have been primarily formed using 244nm laser light, relying on the photosensitivity provided by doping with germanium and boron. To induce sufficient refractive index change, necessary for wave guiding, the substrates also require hydrogenation prior to UV writing. Not only does this require additional processing but over time the hydrogen present within the silica out-diffuses, which can cause variation of the final written structures. Deep-UV light, with a wavelength of 213 nm, has previously been used to inscribe strong fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) in hydrogen-free Ge-doped fibres. Here we present the use of a 213 nm UV laser to write planar waveguide devices without the need for hydrogen loading. Flame Hydrolysis Deposition (FHD) was used to deposit core and cladding layers of doped silica onto a thermally oxidised silicon wafer. Individual planar chips were diced from this wafer and a 5th harmonic Q-switched solid state laser operating at 213 nm wavelength was used to inscribe waveguides within the germanium-doped core layer of the chips without prior hydrogen loading. We shall present our latest results of direct deep-UV written waveguides, including; the characterisation of single mode waveguides, detailed fluence and loss measurements, induced refractive index change and the first demonstration of planar Bragg gratings and photonic structures written with 213nm light.

Conference Presentation

Citation Download Citation

Paul C. Gow, Rex H. S. Bannerman, James C. Gates, Christopher Holmes, and Peter G. R. Smith "Direct UV-written integrated waveguides using 213nm light (Conference Presentation)", Proc. SPIE 10535, Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXII, 105350M (14 March 2018); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2289592

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KEYWORDS

Ultraviolet radiation

Fiber Bragg gratings

Waveguides

Silica

Deep ultraviolet

Hydrogen

Planar waveguides

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