Beyond the eponymous snow slides, avalanching processes – where a compounding nonlinear cascade of events is triggered by a small perturbation – are found today in a surprising variety of phenomena including the popping of champagne bubbles, nuclear explosions, lasing, neuronal networking, and even financial crises. In optics, photon avalanching (PA) behavior garnered significant interest more than three decades ago as a method for achieving efficient upcoverted lasing, and, due to its extreme nonlinearity, was more recently proposed as a mechanism for realizing facile superresolution imaging if satisfactory nanomaterials could be designed. However, a demanding set of criteria has limited PA in Ln-based systems only to fragile bulk materials and aggregates, and mostly to cryogenic temperatures. Here, we have leveraged a combination of advanced theoretical modeling, synthesis, and photophysical characterization to create robust photon avalanching nanoparticles.
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