Simulating the study of exoplanets using photonic spectrographs

Marcos Perez; Pradip Gatkine; Nemanja Jovanovic; Jeffrey Jewell; J. Kent Wallace; Dimitri Mawet

doi:10.1117/12.2610355

5 March 2022 Simulating the study of exoplanets using photonic spectrographs

Marcos Perez, Pradip Gatkine, Nemanja Jovanovic, Jeffrey Jewell, J. Kent Wallace, Dimitri Mawet

Proceedings Volume 12008, Photonic Instrumentation Engineering IX; 120080C (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2610355
Event: SPIE OPTO, 2022, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Photonic spectrographs offer a highly miniaturized, flexible, and stable on-chip solution for astronomical spectroscopy and can be used for various science cases such as determining the atmospheric composition of exoplanets to understand their habitability, formation, and evolution. Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWGs) have shown the best promise to be used as an astrophotonic spectrograph. We developed a publicly-available tool to conduct a preliminary examination of the capability of the AWGs in spectrally resolving exoplanet atmospheres. We derived the Line-Spread- Function (LSF) as a function of wavelength and the Full-Width-at-Half-Maximum (FWHM) of the LSF as a function of spectral line width to evaluate the response of a discretely- and continuously sampled low-resolution AWG (R ~ 1000). We observed that the LSF has minimal wavelength dependence (~5%), irrespective of the offset with respect to the center-wavelengths of the AWG channels, contrary to the previous assumptions. We further confirmed that the observed FWHM scales linearly with the emission line width. Finally, we present simulated extraction of a sample molecular absorption spectrum with the discretely- and continuously-sampled low-resolution AWGs. From this, we show that while the discrete AWG matches its expected resolving power, the continuous AWG spectrograph can, in principle, achieve an effective resolution significantly greater (~ 2x) than the discrete AWG. This detailed examination of the AWGs will be foundational for future deployment of AWG spectrographs for astronomical science cases such as exoplanet atmospheres.

Conference Presentation

Citation Download Citation

Marcos Perez, Pradip Gatkine, Nemanja Jovanovic, Jeffrey Jewell, J. Kent Wallace, and Dimitri Mawet "Simulating the study of exoplanets using photonic spectrographs", Proc. SPIE 12008, Photonic Instrumentation Engineering IX, 120080C (5 March 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2610355

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