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The macroscopic permittivity tensors of a film-shaped metamaterial medium are calculated for the case when the charge carrier concentration N0 of each constituent of the composite metamaterial varies across the film thickness. The influence of an applied gate voltage on the surface plasmon resonances and on the optical properties of such a system are studied. Both homogeneous and perforated metallic slabs are investigated. Our simulations are based on Fourier series expansion of the electric potential which reduces the problem to a truncated system of complex linear equations. It is shown that the macroscopic effective permittivity tensor, as well as other optical properties of the metamaterial, are extremely sensitive to the applied gate voltage. This can be used to construct fast switches and other optical devices.
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Yakov M. Strelniker, David J. Bergman, "Gate-tuning of the surface plasmons and their optical properties," Proc. SPIE 12197, Plasmonics: Design, Materials, Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications XX, 1219706 (3 October 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632950