Comparison of DAS and FBG sensitivity for detecting and quantifying small pipeline leaks

Jagadeeshwar L. Tabjula; Jyotsna Sharma

doi:10.1117/12.2664522

13 June 2023 Comparison of DAS and FBG sensitivity for detecting and quantifying small pipeline leaks

Jagadeeshwar L. Tabjula, Jyotsna Sharma

Proceedings Volume 12532, Optical Waveguide and Laser Sensors II; 125320M (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2664522
Event: SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing, 2023, Orlando, Florida, United States

Abstract

Detecting leaks early and reliably is essential for preventing environmental contamination. However, very small leaks often go undetected using conventional gauges and sensors due to their low sensitivity and limitation to measuring only at discrete gauge locations. Leak detection using optical fiber-based sensors is becoming increasingly popular as they are immune to electromagnetic interference, do not require any electronics at the measurement location, are resistant to corrosion, and enable sensing capability at multiple locations simultaneously and in real-time, with high sensitivity. In this study, the authors experimentally investigate the sensitivity to detect and quantify leaks using two commonly used fiber-optic sensors: distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensors. Controlled leaks at different flow rates were created in an experimental flow loop with DAS and FBG attached to the outer pipe walls. The strain rate data obtained from DAS was processed using time- and frequency-domain signal processing techniques to detect the location of the leak and quantify the volumetric leak rate as low as 0.07 gallons per minute (gpm). FBGs were used to localize the leak in a quasi-distributed fashion. Since FBGs are responsive to both strain and temperature, the two effects were decoupled using independent temperature measurements to separately study the strain and temperature response due to the leak. The sensitivity to detect leaks was evaluated by comparing the leak signature for both sensors. The effect of environmental noise and background signals on the ability to detect leaks was investigated for different pipe flow rates and leak volumes.

Citation Download Citation

Jagadeeshwar L. Tabjula and Jyotsna Sharma "Comparison of DAS and FBG sensitivity for detecting and quantifying small pipeline leaks", Proc. SPIE 12532, Optical Waveguide and Laser Sensors II, 125320M (13 June 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2664522

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KEYWORDS

Fiber Bragg gratings

Fourier transforms

Pipes

Sensors

Signal processing

Fiber optics sensors

Background noise

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