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Digital Twins will unlock the potential of digital modelling of the Earth systems at a level that represents a real breakthrough in terms of accuracy, local detail, access-to-information speed and interactivity. The initial focus will be on the effects of climate change and extreme weather events, their socio-economic impact and possible adaptation and mitigation strategies. Surface and ground air temperatures are one of the variables that best distinguish and characterize the specific climate in urbanized spaces. Over the years, research has shown that urbanized spaces have experienced persistently higher temperatures, which is defined as the urban heat island effect (Urban Heat Island-UHI). The study covers examples from the six planning regions defined in the Law on Regional Development of the Republic of Bulgaria under Art. 11, which will support the Integrated Territorial Strategy for the Development of NUTS 2 planning district. These are territories whose selection is determined by the fact that they have extremely high economic and ecological importance for monitoring the normal course of natural processes, disasters and consequences of sudden changes. Different indicators and indices such as TCT (Tasseled cap transformation), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDGI (Normalized Differential Greenness Index), LST (The Land Surface Temperature) and etc., were used for the different groups of objects from the Sentinel and Landsat 9 (OLI / TIRS) satellites. The spectral reflectance characteristics of natural and anthropogenic objects have been used to classify them in optical or microwave images. Image classification methods based on the spectral characteristics of key spectral indicators and indices were previously used. Each of the metrics was further classified to provide detailed analysis for the period 2018 to 2023 and comparison with current drone footage and thermal camera with a measurement accuracy of +/- 2°C and a wavelength of 8 μm to 14 μm. The research used data from the Open Data Portal and the National Spatial Data Portal (Inspire) of Bulgaria.
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