X-ray digital radiography and fluorescence dual-modality imaging system has become an important tool for in-vivo biomedical researches. However, current dual-modality imaging system generally employs two independent pixelated detectors, which is costly and bulky. Here we propose a novel approach to achieve dual-modality imaging system utilizing only one single-pixel detector. The prototype of the system is built based on a Fourier single-pixel imaging architecture. The spatial resolution of the X-ray digital radiography modality was measured to be 1.81mm, the sensitivity and the imaging depth of the fluorescence imaging modality was evaluated to be 1.48 nmol/ml and 4 mm, respectively. Compared with the conventional system, our system is cost affordable, with a more compact structure, and free of image registration from different modalities. In-vivo imaging results of a C57BL/6 female mouse bearing tumor targeted with mCherry demonstrates its capability for small animal researches.
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