Recent advances in single-shot detection in ultrafast spectroscopies have dramatically expanded the applicability of nonlinear and multi-dimensional ultrafast spectroscopies to previously unexplored regions of the spectrum as well as to novel dynamical and physical and chemical processes. Unlike traditional pump-probe detection schemes, where the pump-probe time delay is obtained using mechanical delay stages, single-shot detected experiments employ a mechanism where dynamical information about a process in a sample may be captured with femtosecond time-resolution for the entire duration of the event, (up to ten’s of picoseconds), and read out within a single-shot. The benefits of single-shot detection include up to orders of magnitude reduction in experimental acquisition times, the potential to measure irreversible processes, and the ability to reduce unwanted nonlinear effects by using modest pump excitation energies. We discuss the performance characteristics of modern scientific Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (sCMOS) cameras that make them well-suited detectors for these experiments; a highly parallel pixel readout mechanism resulting in fast frame rates with low read noise, high quantum efficiency for optical detection, excellent linearity, high dynamic range and flexible pixel binning. Recent experiments implementing sCMOS technology for this detection scheme, such as single-shot detected nonlinear Terahertz Kerr Effect (TKE) spectroscopy and broadband Single-Shot Transient Absorption spectroscopy (SSTA), are reviewed.
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