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3 October 2006 Challenges for introducing 40Gb/s submarine systems
Gabriel Charlet
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Proceedings Volume 6353, Optical Transmission, Switching, and Subsystems IV; 635316 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.691521
Event: Asia-Pacific Optical Communications, 2006, Gwangju, South Korea
Abstract
In order to increase the channel bit rate of commercial submarine systems from 10Gb/s to 40Gb/s in a cost effective way, new technologies have to be implemented. We will review them including Raman amplification, modulation formats and PMD mitigation techniques. The introduction of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) has triggered a tremendous capacity growth in submarine systems, both by the increase of the number of WDM channels and by the increase of the channel bit-rate. Starting from 2.5Gbit/s in the mid-nineties, the bit-rate was upgraded to 10Gbit/s by the end of the century in commercial prudcts. The next generation of submarine systems will likely be based on 40Gbit/s bit rate. However, transmissions at 40Gbit/s rate are more challenging than transmission sat 10Gbit/s. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the technologies which could be required or used in next-generation submarine systems. In the first part of this paper, an overview of the history of submarine links is provided. Then the technologies used in current Nx10Gbit/s systems are described. Eventually, the challenges to overcome are discussed, whether they concern the type of fiber, the type of optical amplifier, or the nature of the modulation format.
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Gabriel Charlet "Challenges for introducing 40Gb/s submarine systems", Proc. SPIE 6353, Optical Transmission, Switching, and Subsystems IV, 635316 (3 October 2006); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.691521
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KEYWORDS
Wavelength division multiplexing
Modulation
Optical amplifiers
Raman spectroscopy
Switching
Transmittance
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