Sensor development for in situ detection of concentration polarization and fouling of reverse osmosis membranes

Kahlil T. Detrich; Nakhiah C. Goulbourne

doi:10.1117/12.816111

30 March 2009 Sensor development for in situ detection of concentration polarization and fouling of reverse osmosis membranes

Kahlil T. Detrich, Nakhiah C. Goulbourne

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 7292, Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2009; 72921P (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.816111
Event: SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, 2009, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to evaluate three polymer electroding techniques in developing a novel in situ sensor for an RO system using the electrical response of a thin film composite sensor. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to measure the sensor response when exposed to sodium chloride solutions with concentrations from 0.1 M to 0.8 M in both single and double bath configurations. An insulated carbon grease sensor was mechanically stable while a composite Direct Assembly Process (DAP) sensor was fragile upon hydration. Scanning electron microscopy results from an impregnation-reduction technique showed gold nanoparticles were deposited most effectively when presoaked in a potassium hydroxide solution and on an uncoated membrane; surface resistances remained too high for sensor implementation. Through thickness carbon grease sensors showed a transient response to changes in concentration, and no meaningful concentration sensitivity was noted for the time scales over which EIS measurements were taken. Surface carbon grease electrodes attached to the polyamide thin film were not sensitive to concentration. The impedance spectra indicated the carbon grease sensor was unable to detect changes in concentration in double bath experiments when implemented with the polyamide surface exposed to salt solutions. DAP sensors lacked a consistent response to changes in concentration too. A reverse double bath experiment with the polysulfone layer exposed to a constant concentration exhibited a transient impedance response similar to through thickness carbon grease sensors in a single bath at constant concentration. These results suggest that the microporous polysulfone layer is responsible for sensor response to concentration.

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Kahlil T. Detrich and Nakhiah C. Goulbourne "Sensor development for in situ detection of concentration polarization and fouling of reverse osmosis membranes", Proc. SPIE 7292, Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2009, 72921P (30 March 2009); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.816111

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KEYWORDS

Sensors

Electrodes

Carbon

Gold

Thin films

Particles

Composites

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