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We present an overview of the VISIR upgrade project. VISIR is the mid-infrared imager and spectrograph at ESO’s
VLT. The project team is comprised of ESO staff and members of the original VISIR consortium: CEA Saclay and
ASTRON. The project plan is based on input from the ESO user community with the goal of enhancing the scientific
performance and efficiency of VISIR by a combination of measures: installation of improved hardware, optimization of
instrument operations and software support. The cornerstone of the upgrade is the 1k by 1k Si:As AQUARIUS detector
array (Raytheon) which has been carefully characterized in ESO’s IR detector test facility (modified TIMMI 2
instrument). A prism spectroscopic mode will cover the N-band in a single observation. New scientific capabilities for
high resolution and high-contrast imaging will be offered by sub-aperture mask (SAM) and phase-mask coronagraphic
(4QPM/AGPM) modes. In order to make optimal use of favourable atmospheric conditions a water vapour monitor has
been deployed on Paranal, allowing for real-time decisions and the introduction of a user-defined constraint on water
vapour. During the commissioning in 2012 it was found that the on-sky sensitivity of the AQUARIUS detector was
significantly below expectations and that VISIR was not ready to go back to science operations. Extensive testing of the
detector arrays in the laboratory and on-sky enabled us to diagnose the cause for the shortcoming of the detector as
excess low frequency noise (ELFN). It is inherent to the design chosen for this detector and can’t be remedied by
changing the detector set-up. Since this is a form of correlated noise its impact can be limited by modulating the scene
recorded by the detector. We have studied several mitigation options and found that faster chopping using the secondary
mirror (M2) of the VLT offers the most promising way forward. Faster M2 chopping has been tested and is scheduled
for implementation before the end of 2014 after which we plan to re-commission VISIR. In addition an upgrade of the IT
infrastructure related to VISIR is planned in order to support burst-mode operations. The upgraded VISIR will be a
powerful instrument providing close to background limited performance for diffraction-limited observations at an 8-m
telescope. It will offer synergy with facilities such as ALMA, JWST, VLTI and SOFIA, while a wealth of targets is
available from survey work (e.g. VISTA, WISE). In addition it will bring confirmation of the technical readiness and
scientific value of several aspects of potential mid-IR instrumentation at Extremely Large Telescopes.
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