Demonstration of a setup for chronic optogenetic stimulation and recording across cortical areas in non-human primates

Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad; Camilo Diaz-Botia; Tim Hanson; Peter Ledochowitsch; Michel M. Maharabiz; Philip N. Sabes

doi:10.1117/12.2080405

10 March 2015 Demonstration of a setup for chronic optogenetic stimulation and recording across cortical areas in non-human primates

Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad, Camilo Diaz-Botia, Tim Hanson, Peter Ledochowitsch, Michel M. Maharabiz, Philip N. Sabes

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 9305, Optical Techniques in Neurosurgery, Neurophotonics, and Optogenetics II; 93052K (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2080405
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2015, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Although several studies have shown the feasibility of using optogenetics in non-human primates (NHP), reliable largescale chronic interfaces have not yet been reported for such studies in NHP. Here we introduce a chronic setup that permits repeated, daily optogenetic stimulation and large-scale recording from the same sites in NHP cortex. The setup combines optogenetics with a transparent artificial dura (AD) and high-density micro-electrocorticography (μECoG). To obtain expression across large areas of cortex, we infused AAV5-CamKIIa-C1V1-EYFP viral vector using an infusion technique based on convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortices. By epifluorescent imaging through AD we were able to confirm high levels of expression covering about 110 mm² of S1 and M1. We then incorporated a 192-channel μECoG array spanning 192 mm² into the AD for simultaneous electrophysiological recording during optical stimulation. The array consists of patterned Pt-Au-Pt metal traces embedded in ~10 μm Parylene-C insulator. The parylene is sufficiently transparent to allow minimally attenuated optical access for optogenetic stimulation. The array was chronically implanted over the opsin-expressing areas in M1 and S1 for over two weeks. Optical stimulation was delivered via a fiber optic placed on the surface of the AD. With this setup, we recorded reliable evoked activity following light stimulation at several locations. Similar responses were recorded across tens of days, however a decline in the light-evoked signal amplitude was observed during this period due to the growth of dural tissue over the array. These results show the feasibility of a chronic interface for combined largescale optogenetic stimulation and cortical recordings across days.

Citation Download Citation

Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad, Camilo Diaz-Botia, Tim Hanson, Peter Ledochowitsch, Michel M. Maharabiz, and Philip N. Sabes "Demonstration of a setup for chronic optogenetic stimulation and recording across cortical areas in non-human primates", Proc. SPIE 9305, Optical Techniques in Neurosurgery, Neurophotonics, and Optogenetics II, 93052K (10 March 2015); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2080405

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