Zernike polynomials for mid-spatial frequency representation on optical surfaces

Zahra Hosseinimakarem; Angela D. Davies; Chris J. Evans

doi:10.1117/12.2236520

26 September 2016 Zernike polynomials for mid-spatial frequency representation on optical surfaces

Zahra Hosseinimakarem, Angela D. Davies, Chris J. Evans

Proceedings Volume 9961, Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V; 99610P (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2236520
Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2016, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

Mid-spatial frequency structure on freeform optical elements induces small-angle scatter and affects performance. Fabrication techniques involved in making freeform surfaces leave tooling marks on the surface due to the sub-aperture nature of the fabrication process. In recent years, there has been a growing need for specification and characterization of the mid-spatial frequencies for freeform surfaces. There are a range of methods to consider for representing the midspatial frequency content: the power spectral density (PSD), the structure function (SF) and a polynomial basis representation such as Zernike and Forbes Q-polynomials, as examples. In this paper, we investigate a Zernike polynomial representation for quantifying the mid-spatial frequency content in height maps. We will show fit coefficients of synthesized and real data sets to Zernike polynomials from low orders to very large orders. We also illustrate how this polynomial representation captures certain characteristics of the mid-spatial frequency error. The results are analyzed and compared with Forbes gradient orthogonal polynomials. Finally, limits of Zernike polynomials for representing mid-spatial frequency content of the surface are discussed.

Citation Download Citation

Zahra Hosseinimakarem, Angela D. Davies, and Chris J. Evans "Zernike polynomials for mid-spatial frequency representation on optical surfaces", Proc. SPIE 9961, Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V, 99610P (26 September 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2236520

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