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The peak intensity of an ultrafast laser pulse focused inside a dielectric material can be sufficiently high to drive the nonlinear absorption of the laser light. This deposition of energy in the focal region can result in a localised material modification. This modification can in turn manifest itself through changes to the chemical etch rate and / or refractive index. Using these manifestations, it is possible to manufacture three-dimensional photonic components, such as optical waveguides. In this talk, I will discuss how ultrafast laser inscription can be used to manufacture three-dimensional photonic components for the manipulation of spatial modes.
Robert R. Thomson
"Ultrafast laser microfabrication of guided wave components for spatial mode manipulation", Proc. SPIE PC12411, Frontiers in Ultrafast Optics: Biomedical, Scientific, and Industrial Applications XXIII, PC124110F (17 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2658313
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Robert R. Thomson, "Ultrafast laser microfabrication of guided wave components for spatial mode manipulation," Proc. SPIE PC12411, Frontiers in Ultrafast Optics: Biomedical, Scientific, and Industrial Applications XXIII, PC124110F (17 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2658313