SWIR Properties of Rare-Earth- Doped Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Sheng, Yang, Changzhou Univ.; Zhao, Zhenghuan, Chongqing Medical Univ.; Tan, Mei Chee, Singapore Univ. of Technology and Design

doi:10.1117/3.2604326.ch3

Book: Short-Wavelength Infrared Windows for Biomedical Applications

Editor(s): Laura A. Sordillo; Peter P. Sordillo

Author(s): Yang Sheng, Zhenghuan Zhao, Mei Chee Tan

Published: 2021

https://doi.org/10.1117/3.2604326.ch3

Author Affiliations +

Abstract

Rare-earth-doped nanoparticles (REDNs), initially used as an alternative to quantum dots (QDs), along with commercially available organic dyes, have emerged as versatile nanoprobes with biocompatibility and tunability extending to the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) optical window (~1000– 2500 nm). Conventionally, REDNs rely on upconversion (UC)—the ability to convert low photon energy [e.g., near-infrared (NIR) or SWIR light] into high photon energy (e.g., visible light)—for biomedical optical applications.