Illumination optics deals with the task of capturing light from a source and transforming it in a way that delivers what is desired at the target. Sometimes this transformation can be accomplished with a single optical element; at other times, a complex combination of several elements is required. Either way, it is very rare that something uniquely new is invented. Most of the time, we reuse, modify, and combine known solution approaches for the transformation (sub)tasks. We term these building blocks design patterns (a common notion in software engineering); and we think of them as an architect does when creating a building, by reusing, modifying, and combining elements such as foundations, walls, windows, and many more.
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