It is challenging to measure objects with a high dynamic range surface. We propose a three-dimensional measurement method of high dynamic surfaces based on multi-polarization fringe projection. The saturated pixels can be recognized to get the optimal exposure time by projecting a series of designed auxiliary patterns onto the surface of the object. It does not need to project multiple N-step phase-shifting fringe patterns for recognition, and it greatly improves the detection speed and efficiency. A multi-polarization camera captures full-resolution phase-shifting images with four polarization directions simultaneously. An appropriate polarization direction is selected by analyzing the per-pixel of auxiliary images captured by camera, and then optimal phase-shifting fringe images with high quality are obtained. The effectiveness and rapidness of this method are verified by the measurement experiments of different objects, and the method provides a new idea for rapid measurement.