The new semiempirical calculation method of the polarizability function for diatomic homonuclear molecules in a range R∈(0,∞ ) has been developed. The method is based on the use of the known polarizability function for small R, the polarizability values and their polarizability derivatives in the equilibrium internucelar distance and the elaborated polarizability function of the interacting oriented atoms under greater R, which comprises the atomic polarizability change under their approach, as well as takes into account their multipole interactions. Account of the multipole interaction of atoms is carried out within the framework of the model of two interacting dielectric spheres. The method is tested by the molecule H₂ and applied to the calculation of polarizability functions for the N₂ and O₂ molecules.

Heterogeneous chemical reaction of ozone with HBr and HCl adsorbed on the ice surface have been investigated under the temperatures 77-223 K. The process occurs immediately with formation of dark brown, gold-yellow and yellow-orange colored condensates in the case of HBr and red condensate with HCl. Accordingly to low temperature IR-spectroscopy in the case of hydrogen chloride the most thermodynamically stable ClO₂ is the dominant product of the reaction. In the csae of HBr Br₂O forms initially. Then it suffers further sequential oxidation to Br₂O₃, BrO₂ (Br₂O₄) and Br₂O₅. The optimization of the geometry of chlorine and bromine oxides mentioned above, has been performed using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations.

In a frame of DID model the calculation method of the temperature dependence of the dimer polarizability has been proposed. The temperature dependence is caused by the statistical average of the electronic polarizability over the vibrational rotational states of different dimer configurations. In this way every molecule of the dimer is considered like any effective atom having the same polarizability tensor as the molecule. The interactions between the effective atoms in a dimer are taken in the form of Lennard-Jones function. The method proposed was applied to calculate of the temperature dependence for (N₂)₂ and (O₂)₂ polarizability invariants.

The new semiempirical calculation method of the dipole moment function for diatomic molecules in a range R∈(0,∞ ) has been developed. The method unlike Pade approximants allows to represent the dipole moment function by the piecewise-continuous function which has the correct asymptotic behavior for small and large internuclear separations and agrees with the empirical dipole moment function about nuclei equilibrium separation. The method is applied to the hydrogen halides.

Cases of divergence of fitting the parameters by least-squares technique occur at automatic spectrum processing. Regularization is used for raising a stability of this procedure. A regularization coefficients is presented in this paper. Computer-aided system using represented techniques was developed.

The present paper gives the results of laboratory investigations of the radiation fine-structure spectra of free molecules of a number of PAHs in the field of the first electronic transition. The objective laws found by us for the first time and connected with the multiplet of the fine structure of the vibronic spectra of PAHs free molecules are compared with the data obtained udner conditions of the low temperature matrix isolation. Results of the given investigations together with the previously published ones can serve the base for the critical analysis of the brought yp hypotheses on the nature of the PAHs origin and state in the astronomic objects.

Effecitve dipole moment operator including higher order coriolis type electrodipole moments is developed for lower dyad states (v2,v4) of methane. Parameters in effective coriolis type dipole moments are calculated as for isolated v2 and v4 vibrational states as dyad (v2,v4) states. It is shown that coriolis type dipole moments for v1 and v3 states the same equation as for dyad (v1,v3) states. For the parameters in M₂₂(R) operator is obtained the value xxxxxxxxx (theor)=-2,2 10^-4D in agreement with experimental date of H. Sasada et al[12]:(Θ^x,y3_z)'=Θ^x,y3_z -3Θ^x,y_z ={(top line)-2,9x10^-9D(theor)[10,11] (bottom line) -4,4x10^-4D(exp)[12]

The influence of vibrational excitation of absorbing molecule on the intermolecular potential parameters is considered. It is proved that the vibrational dependence of intermolecular potential must be taken into account when the line shift of molecular absorption lines are calculated. The modern technique of the summation of perturbation theory divergent series are used for intermoleular potential series. First, non-diagonal Pade approximant is obtained for intermolecular potential expansion over intermolecular distance for the collision of two helium atoms.

The method of contact transformation is applied to obtain the effective polarizability operator for asymmetric rotors. The influence of the rotational contribution in this operator upon the halwidths and shifts of some selected lines of H₂O perturbed by Ar is investigated.

The character of shifts of the telluric 656.42 nm line of H₂O was studied using the data from the observign season of the year 2001 in Sayan observatory. The amplitude-spectral distribution of observed variations was investigated. An analysis made of the appropriate power spectra suggests the presence of oscillatory processes in the Earth's atmosphere. The most frequently occurring periods were identified.

The salient features of the spectral composition of UV radiation at the ground are investigated. A study is made of the degree of influence of the variation of parameters of atmospheric conditions, such as TOC, atmospheric pressure, and aerosol, on the variability of ground-level UV radiation in the region 300-350 nm that manifests itself at Irkutsk. Of them, the most significant were determined in separate bands of the selected range at different time scales. Functions of spectral response of direct midday UVR to variations of atmospheric parameters by 1% of their mean values for Irkutsk were constructed. These functions can be used to assess the influence of actual changes in atmospheric conditions. It is pointed out that the aerosol and cloud state is the factor that determines the overall level of UVR. The effect of pressure fluctuations on UVR variability is insignificant is insignificant; however, in conditions of optical stabilty of the atmosphere, which can persist for several days, the influence of pressure variations on UVR can become of predominant value. TOC and the Sun's altitude are responsible for the spectral composition. For wavelengths longer than 320 nm, it was found that the spectral structure of the UVR variation coefficient coincides with the system of Huggins bands in the ozone absorption spectrum, and for wavelengths shorter than 320 nm, it coincides with typical spectral patterns of the extra-atmospheric solar UV spectrum. It was ascertained that the small-sacle structure of the ground-level spectrum is determined by the structure of the extra-atmospheric solar VU spectrum, while the overall ground-level spectrum is determined by the structure of the extra-atmospheric solar VU spectrum, while the overall spectral variations is determined mainly by the large-scale spectral behavior of the ozone absorption coefficient.

The increasing of the air pollution in atmosphere requires estimation of it influences on human health, climate, and environmental. This is possible with regular control of total content many atmospheric gases that existing in atmosphere and take part in main photochemical, and transport atmospheric processes. The sun radiance near the ground carry a lot of information about total content of atmospheric gases. In this report the algorithm for searching optimal spectral channels for retrieving CO₂ total content from measurements of the direct sun radiation by spectroradiometer is described.

A ray-tracing code calculating the wave-zone scattered field in the problem of light scattering by large ice crystal particles of cirrus clouds has been developed. An output of the code is the Jones matrix for an arbitrary crystal orientation. Along with a pure Muller matrix obtained, a number of reduced Mueller for practical use are defined and discussed. Impact of wave interference on fine angular structure of the Stokes parameters in the wave zone is emphasized. This impact is illustated by a fine angular structure near the backward scattering direction for ice hexagonal columns and plates.

It is well known that on long propagation paths the intensity fluctuations of optical wave become strong, the intensity distribution in the plane transverse to propagation direction becomes speckled and includes areas where intensity is close to zero. In the areas where the optical intensity is much lower than the mean intensity, a phase function can be discontinued owing to the presence of branch points in the complex optical field. In this case the most widely used in phase reconstruction from measured phase gradients the least squares technique generates erroneous result that is missing the hidden phase. There are two approaches for hidden phase reconstruction. One of them is associated with detection of branch points and consequent calculation of the hidden phase. The other is based on reconstruction of the hidden phase directly from the measured phase gradient. In the paper we compare both approach to the reconstruction of the hidden phase directly from the measured phase gradient. In the paper we compare both approach to the reconstruction of the phase of optical wave propagating in a turbulent atmosphere under conditions of strong scintillation.

The results of studying laser beam propagation through a turbulent jet close to the jet lateral boundary, i.e. the zone, where intermittence of turbulent stae of air medium can be expcetd, are presented. In the experiments laser beams with diameters of 10 and 30 mm and wavelengths of λ = 1.06 and 0.53 microns crossed the jet in transverse direction not far from the engine nozzle. For the purpose of comparison, similar experiments for laser beams propagation through the central area of the jet were carried out. As a result of processing a large array of 'instantaneous' far-field images of the beams, the probability of light pulses with only weakly distorted spatial structure during propagation through the jet was determined. It has been shown that for a λ=1.06 μm and 30 mm diameter beams. For propagation of the ten-millimeter beam this probability is found to be ~0.02. In the case of the 'half-micron' beam propagation through the jet under similar conditions the probability for the occurrence of 'quasi-regular' pulses is very small in all the experimental situations. The analysis of the experimental data provides evidence for conclusion that successions of such 'quasi-regular' pulses obey Poisson's or binomial statistics.

The modification of a method for determination of a generic point of known sets to raise its convergence offered by the author earlier is offered. The applications to solve phase retrieval problems of optics are considered.

Modeling the performance of future ground-based extremely large telescopes with the AO system requires an atmospheric model and a corrective algorithm. The atmospheric model employed here is the ORM 7 layer model with an outer scale distribution. Using an analytical algorithm for atmospheric correction the performance of the Euro50 telescope is analyzed. The influence of a distributed outer scale on the strokes of the adaptive mirrors is investigated. It is concluded that for modeling the AO system performance the account for variations of outer scale with altitude is of not great importance, and a simplified atmospheric model with the effective outer scale common for all layers may be used. The knowledge of effective outer scale is sufficient for setting requirements on the mirror strokes.

In the paper an analysis was performed on the base of numeric experiment methods of a laser beam propagation in a turbulent atmosphere. Comparison of efficiency was carried out of phase and amplitude-phase adaptive control algorithms. It was noted that only wavefront reversion insures the absolute compensation for turbulent distortions of laser beams. It is also shown that wavefront reversion is possible to realize in two-mirror adaptive optics system. The mirrors should be divided by a gap where a beam propagates under conditions of free diffraction.

In actual mediums with anisotropic scattering in small angle approximation (SA) is possible simply and accurately to calculate light field radiance in forward from a source directions. The backscattering calculation in these mediums by any known method is complex and has no sufficient precision for practical problems: spherical harmonics (SH) method has strong oscillation, Monte-Carlo method has a large variance, concerned with improbable event with large weight, and the first iteration from SA has uncontrollable precision and validity range. In suggested solution the refinement of SA is found by SH method. The SA solution is taken in small angle modification of SH method. This allows receiving analytical solution in the form of an exponential of matrix. Last circumstance requires numerical calculation under the obtained expression, however in the most unfavorable case the amount of terms in the refinement does not exceed 21 harmonics. The solution is practically smooth at any sharpness of a scattering phase function. Calculation time on the obtained algorithm is almost equivalent to time of calculation on SA. In addition, algorithm improving radiance distributions in a forward hemisphere.

The method of reconstruction of wavefront modes such as the Hartmann one is considered. Complete data about modes using magnification of number of measured numerical performances of the image created by each of them, not using magnification of number of the subapertures is offered.

To solve some astronomical problems and the problems of atmospheric sounding, it is necessary to apply high-quality optical antennas because the quanlity of the optics determines the error at the parameter measuring. An intrinsic feature of the process of optical pieces manufacturing is the control of the quality of their shape at the production. Interferometry is one of the most precise methods for optical testing. The main difficulties in the control of the shape of optical surfaces are connected to the compensation of the aberrations of optical systems used to form the preset wavefront on the surface of the piece under control. When the aberrations are present in the object branch, the deformation of the interferometric fringes occurs even in case of a complete correspondence of the wavefronts of the object wave and the comparison wave. The appearance of the residual aberration is conditioned by the error of the manufacture of the elements of the illuminating branches, the remainder of the calculation and adjustment error. It is impossible to completely compensate for the residual aberration by introducing stringent manufacture and adjustment tolerances. That is why an optical system that forms the reference wavefront should possess a limited minimum value of the residual wave aberration. It is suggested to use a versatile adaptive mirror based on a bimorphed piezoelectric element as technical means for residual aberration correction. By selecting suitable controlling stresses, one may reach a rather good simulation of the geometric and wave aberrations to decrease the value of the residual aberration of the illuminating branch of the interferometer, thus increasing the precision of the interferometric control. The experimental results in the design of a real interferometer are given and discussed.

In this work the integral resolutions for methods Knox-Thompson and triple correlation of image intensity are investigated. That variant of realization of methods Knox-Thompson and triple correlation of image intensity is considered, when the shift of spectra of the image is made on some fixed spatial frequency. In this case the integral resolution of a method is possible to define as the integrated form from its optical transfer function on current spatial frequency. It is shown that to increase of value of fixed shift of spatial frequency there is the monotonous decrease of the integral resolution of system 'the turbulent atmosphere - telescope' for both methods. It is marked, that the integral resolution of a method of triple correlation of the image intensity is higher than the integral resolution of a Knox-Thompson method, and the integral resolution of a Knox-Thompson method always is lower, than integral resolution of a Labeyrie method.

This paper presents the results of theoretical study of the temporary frequent spectra of fluctuations of optical radiation passsing a turbulent atmosphere in snowfall. For weak fluctuations in the optical intensity the temporary frequency spectra of spatial-limited Gaussian beam are considered at propagation in turbulent atmosphere, containing a large in comparison with length of a wave of optical radiation a scattering particles. The temporary spectra of fluctuations of intensity are received in that case, when particles downfall with speed, linearly dependent on the size of the scattering particle, and simultaneously lead on the random wind. Good coincidence of theoretical results to experimental data is received.

Two methods of radiation intensity fluctuations modeling during stellar occultations by Earth's atmosphere are suggested. Vertical anisotropy of inhomogeneities and ray path distortion due to macroscopic spherical anisotrropy of atmosphere are taken into account. Some numerical results are discussed.

We are offered and investigated the new-generation optical devices namely controllable lens-mirror objectives, which are designed for use in the modern laser engineering, including processing technologies. The one-channel deformable mirrors are used for design in the objectives. The objective's lens is arrange in the central hole of the main mirror and allows to optimize the objective's parameters. The controllable spherical deformations of the mirrors allow to change the objective's parameters and the charcteristics of the optical beam also, including in a real-time regime. The controlable lens-mirror objectives with focal distances of 200, 400, 602 and 800 mm are investigated. It is demonstrated that their efficiency is much higher than one of equivalent single deformable mirrors. In particular, the control range of the focal spot position is 1057 mm for the controllable objective with focal distance of 602 mm. It is 13 times more than the control range of the focal spot position using a single deformable mirror having the same focal distance. The obtained graphical curves have allowed to design the algorithms of synthesis of controllable objectives having the given parameters including maximum control range of the focal spot position.

Correction for turbulent distortions with an adaptive optics system including Shack-Hartmann sensor is considered in the paper. Efficiency of control was analyzed under conditions of singular points development in a wavefront of a laser beam. It was shown that the presence of dislocations cuases the discrepancy of wavefront detection by the sensor and as a consequence leads to the control instabilities. It was also shown that dislocations appear mainly in the peripheral regions of the beam. Using this feature and optimizing the size of the sensor the stable adaptive control could be achieved in an adaptive optics system.

Spatial variability of impurity concentration and refraction index in the bottom layer for the turbulence scales interval 1-6 km is investigated in this paper. This work is based on the data of continuous monitoring of urban air parameters. Structural functions of impurty concentrations and that of calculated refraction index were plotted to measuring. Approximation of the obtained structural functions by power-behaved dependence showed that in the reseached range the exponent has the value (0,4-0,6) and decreases with increasing of the distance. Experimentally obtained results correspond well with theory of large-scale turbulence. The separate research has shown, that in scales range 1-3.5 kms exponent located in the range (0,6-1), and in the range 3,5-6 kms-(0.01-0.22). Thus the impurities with the horizontal scales of 1-6 km in the bottom layer are located in the boundary of buoyancy range and of the large-scale turbulence range.

To study of halogen a substituted phenols photochemical property in the neutral media under action of the man-made sources of excitation the purpose of the present work. There are exciplex KrCl laser and high-frequency excilamp of a grow discharge on same molecules. The efficiency of a photolysis by the spectroscopic methods estimated. Comparison of lamp and laser photolysis of substituted phenols occurs.

Test data of a propagation of the CW laser radiation for extensive weak sloping atmospheric paths are studied in this paper. The calculations are carried out in the limits of the small-angle equation for a coherence function of the second order describing the partially coherent beam self-action. The gas absorption was taken into account in frameworks of the average seasonal summer model of an atmosphere. The average cyclic and the colvanic models of an atmosphere were used for aerosol attenuation. High-altitude vertical profiles of turbulent fluctuations of a refractive index were determined for best, average and worst turbulent conditions. Calculations were obtained for radiation sources located at altitudes from 10 Km up to 25 Km. Paths up to 500 Km were considered. Let's note, that it is necessary to take into account an influence of the Earth surface curvature for these paths. The initial power, the initial beam focusing and the wavelength of radiation were optimized.

This work is devoted to the study of solar light that experiences single and multiple scattering in the atmosphere at the twilight time. The work is based on polarimetric observations of the twilight sky that were conducted in 1997 and 2000 for different color bands. Basing on the results of observations, the contribution of single-scattered light depending on the wavelength for the light stage of twilight is obtained. The correlation of color and polarization properties of the twilight sky is investigated with an account of multiple scattering.

Methodical problems of space images processing for assessment of atmosphere pollution impact on forest ecosystems using geoinformation systems are developed. An approach to quantitative assessment of atmosphere pollution impact on forest ecosystems is based on calculating relative squares of forest landscapes which are inside atmosphere pollution zones. Landscape structure of forested territories in the southern part of Western Siberia are determined on the basis of procession of middle resolution space images from spaceborn Resource-O. Particularities of atmosphere pollution zones modeling caused by gas burning in torches on territories of oil fields are considered. Pollution zones were revealed by modeling of contaminants dispersal in atmosphere with standard models. Polluted landscapes squares are calculated depending on atmosphere pollution level.

Representations of the point spread functions in orthonormal proper bases are considered within the framework of the linear model of reconstruction of images observed in scattering media. In this case, the first approximation of the image to be reconstructed can be easily obtained by using the linear model and pseudoinversion. It is natural to assess the quality of reconstruction by an introduced information criterion. Some examples of representation of the point spread fucntion are given.

In activity the outcomes of experimental researches of a spectral transparency of a flame are adduced at combustion of wood combustible materials in range 0.6÷6 microns at the altitude 0.1m above a surface of combustion. The conditions of a surface forest fires were modeled at absence of a wind.

In analysis of multispectral aerospace images of the Earth's surface and clouds with lacking a priori data, when an operator cannot select learning samples for pattern recognition, the only way for data structurization is the use of cluster analysis algorithms. A rather large number of versatile cluster analysis algorithms are developed by now, but particular data require an adaptive approach to analysis of particular images. We propose several cluster analysis algorithms that are mathematically justified with allowance for the specificity of analyzed NOAA AVHRR video data. Some examples of analysis of AVHRR images by the algorithms developed are presented.