Focal spot size reduction using asymmetric collimation to enable reduced anode angles with a conventional angiographic x-ray tube for use with high resolution detectors

M. Russ; A. Shankar; S. V. Setlur Nagesh; C. N. Ionita; D. R. Bednarek; S. Rudin

doi:10.1117/12.2253724

9 March 2017 Focal spot size reduction using asymmetric collimation to enable reduced anode angles with a conventional angiographic x-ray tube for use with high resolution detectors

M. Russ, A. Shankar, S. V. Setlur Nagesh, C. N. Ionita, D. R. Bednarek, S. Rudin

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Proceedings Volume 10132, Medical Imaging 2017: Physics of Medical Imaging; 101325O (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2253724
Event: SPIE Medical Imaging, 2017, Orlando, Florida, United States

Abstract

The high-resolution requirements for neuro-endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGIs) necessitate the use of a small focal-spot size; however, the maximum tube output limits for such small focal-spot sizes may not enable sufficient x-ray fluence after attenuation through the human head to support the desired image quality. This may necessitate the use of a larger focal spot, thus contributing to the overall reduction in resolution. A method for creating a higher-output small effective focal spot based on the line-focus principle has been demonstrated and characterized. By tilting the C-arm gantry, the anode-side of the x-ray field-of-view is accessible using a detector placed off-axis. This tilted central axis diminishes the resultant focal spot size in the anode-cathode direction by the tangent of the effective anode angle, allowing a medium focal spot to be used in place of a small focal spot with minimal losses in resolution but with increased tube output. Images were acquired of two different objects at the central axis, and with the C-arm tilted away from the central axis at 1° increments from 0°-7°. With standard collimation settings, only 6° was accessible, but using asymmetric extended collimation a maximum of 7° was accessed for enhanced comparisons. All objects were positioned perpendicular to the anode-cathode direction and images were compared qualitatively. The increasing advantage of the off-axis focal spots was quantitatively evidenced at each subsequent angle using the Generalized Measured-Relative Object Detectability metric (GM-ROD). This anode-tilt method is a simple and robust way of increasing tube output for a small field-of-view detector without diminishing the overall apparent resolution for neuro-EIGIs.

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M. Russ, A. Shankar, S. V. Setlur Nagesh, C. N. Ionita, D. R. Bednarek, and S. Rudin "Focal spot size reduction using asymmetric collimation to enable reduced anode angles with a conventional angiographic x-ray tube for use with high resolution detectors", Proc. SPIE 10132, Medical Imaging 2017: Physics of Medical Imaging, 101325O (9 March 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2253724

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KEYWORDS

Sensors

X-rays

X-ray detectors

Collimation

X-ray imaging

Spatial frequencies

Image resolution

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