Cancer is a serious and incurable disease. Rresearch has been devoted to cancer treatment for many years using a diverse of different treatment methods. However, traditional cancer therapies have many serious side effects. Bionanomaterials have the advantages of small volume, good biocompatibility and good biodegradability. Therefore, bionanomaterials have good application prospects in cancer treatment. Bionanomaterials can be used as cancer vaccines, checkpoint proteins inhibitors and the tumor microenvironment modulators for the cancer immunotherapy. Besides, bionanomaterials with photothermal conversion capacity can be prepared and used for photothermal cancer therapy. Although the number of the cancer therapies based on nanomaterials is increasing, the shortcomings of this type of cancer therapy such as low targeting abilities, large side effects and few clinical applications are still evident. The research summarizes the application of bionanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy and cancer photothermal therapy, and their limitations and future development directions will be analyzed.
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