Diffraction efficiency of radially-profiled off-plane reflection gratings

Drew M. Miles; James H. Tutt; Casey T. DeRoo; Hannah Marlowe; Thomas J. Peterson; Randall L. McEntaffer; Benedikt Menz; Vadim Burwitz; Gisela Hartner; Christian Laubis; Frank Scholze

doi:10.1117/12.2186842

4 September 2015 Diffraction efficiency of radially-profiled off-plane reflection gratings

Drew M. Miles, James H. Tutt, Casey T. DeRoo, Hannah Marlowe, Thomas J. Peterson, Randall L. McEntaffer, Benedikt Menz, Vadim Burwitz, Gisela Hartner, Christian Laubis, Frank Scholze

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 9603, Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII; 960316 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2186842
Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2015, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

Future X-ray missions will require gratings with high throughput and high spectral resolution. Blazed off-plane reflection gratings are capable of meeting these demands. A blazed grating profile optimizes grating efficiency, providing higher throughput to one side of zero-order on the arc of diffraction. This paper presents efficiency measurements made in the 0.3 – 1.5 keV energy band at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) BESSY II facility for three holographically-ruled gratings, two of which are blazed. Each blazed grating was tested in both the Littrow configuration and anti-Littrow configuration in order to test the alignment sensitivity of these gratings with regard to throughput. This paper outlines the procedure of the grating experiment performed at BESSY II and discuss the resulting efficiency measurements across various energies. Experimental results are generally consistent with theory and demonstrate that the blaze does increase throughput to one side of zero-order. However, the total efficiency of the non-blazed, sinusoidal grating is greater than that of the blazed gratings, which suggests that the method of manufacturing these blazed profiles fails to produce facets with the desired level of precision. Finally, evidence of a successful blaze implementation from first diffraction results of prototype blazed gratings produce via a new fabrication technique at the University of Iowa are presented.

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Drew M. Miles, James H. Tutt, Casey T. DeRoo, Hannah Marlowe, Thomas J. Peterson, Randall L. McEntaffer, Benedikt Menz, Vadim Burwitz, Gisela Hartner, Christian Laubis, and Frank Scholze "Diffraction efficiency of radially-profiled off-plane reflection gratings", Proc. SPIE 9603, Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VII, 960316 (4 September 2015); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2186842

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KEYWORDS

Diffraction gratings

Diffraction

X-rays

Fabrication

Spectral resolution

Energy efficiency

Rockets

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