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We present the first investigation of propagation-based phase-contrast chest X-ray (CXR) imaging. Conventional and phase-contrast CXR images of virtual patients were generated by applying wave-propagation simulations to XCAT virtual chest phantoms. We then performed a reader study with clinical radiologists to investigate the potential clinical impact of phase-contrast CXR. No significant improvement in lesion (6-20 mm) detection rate was found, however, phase-contrast CXR could visualize small airways that are invisible in conventional CXR. This could have clinical significance for diagnosing diseases presenting a thickening of airway walls, such as in asthma and early-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Kian Shaker, Ilian Häggmark, Sven Nyrén, Bariq Al-Amiry, Ehsan Abadi, William P. Segars, Ehsan Samei, Hans M. Hertz, "Virtual study of phase-contrast thoracic imaging," Proc. SPIE PC12031, Medical Imaging 2022: Physics of Medical Imaging, PC1203102 (21 March 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611695