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Estimability index for volume quantification of homogeneous spherical lesions in computed tomography
Images were acquired on a Hologic Selenia Dimensions system with a uniform and anthropomorphic phantom. A contrast detail insert of small, low-contrast disks was created using an inkjet printer with iodine-doped ink and inserted in the phantoms. The disks varied in diameter from 210 to 630 μm, and in contrast from 1.1% contrast to 2.2% in regular increments. Human and model observers performed a 4-alternative forced choice experiment. The models were a non-prewhitening matched filter with eye model (NPWE) and a channelized Hotelling observer with either Gabor channels (Gabor-CHO) or Laguerre-Gauss channels (LG-CHO).
With the given phantoms, reader scores were higher in FFDM and DBT than SM. The structure in the phantom background had a bigger impact on outcome for DBT than for FFDM or SM. All three model observers showed good correlation with humans in the uniform background, with ρ between 0.89 and 0.93. However, in the structured background, only the CHOs had high correlation, with ρ=0.92 for Gabor-CHO, 0.90 for LG-CHO, and 0.77 for NPWE.
Because results of any analysis can depend on the phantom structure, conclusions of modality performance may need to be taken in the context of an appropriate model observer and a realistic phantom.
Estimating breast density with dual energy mammography: a simple model based on calibration phantoms
The effect of increased ambient lighting on detection accuracy in uniform and anatomical backgrounds
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Clinical trials are the essential mechanism through which new medical imaging devices and methods are tested. However, with the growing number of such medical solution, clinical trials are proven to be too slow and too costly. Computational resources and modeling technologies have brought us to a place that we can consider computational alternatives to clinical trials: virtual trials where the trial take place in silico. This course provides an essential introduction to virtual clinical trials, focused primarily on imaging. Topics covered include models of human anatomy and physiology, models of imaging processes primarily CT and breast imaging, models of interpretation processes, standardization of the VCT pipeline, and regulatory prospects of VCT. The course will include applications of VCT in designing and affirming new medical imaging equipment and methods, the use VCT data for prototyping and/or complementing the conduct of real clinical trials, and near-hands-on experience in conducting a few example mini-trials as a part of the class.
Radiography is being performed using digital detectors with high performance. The display performance required to display radiographic images with high-fidelity is reviewed. New methods to test display performance are described and demonstrated during the course. Cathode ray tube (CRT) devices will be reviewed and methods to improve CRT performance will be summarized. New flat panel display technologies will be discussed with respect to their potential for use in medical imaging.
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