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Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is rapidly emerging for many clinical applications involving vascular mapping and tissue oximetry. Phantom-based evaluation of oximetry accuracy is invaluable for device evaluation but requires specialized equipment and use of potentially biohazardous blood. We developed stable, tunable blood-mimicking dye solutions that can simulate photoacoustic signals of blood at 750 nm and 850 nm for 40-100% SO2. We filled breast-mimicking polyacrylamide hydrogel phantoms with either dye solutions or deoxygenated bovine blood to test a custom PAI system. Results showed that the blood-mimicking dyes produced similar levels of SO2 accuracy in phantoms compared to blood samples, although some differences in sensitivity and root-mean-square difference were observed. These blood-mimicking dyes may offer a simpler, safer approach to evaluating oximetry measurement accuracy in PAI devices that could accelerate device evaluation and clinical translation.
Zixin Wang,Keith A. Wear,Joshua Pfefer,Jesse V. Jokerst, andWilliam C. Vogt
"Blood-mimicking dye phantoms for assessing photoacoustic oximetry accuracy", Proc. SPIE PC12842, Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2024, PC1284219 (13 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001708
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Zixin Wang, Keith A. Wear, Joshua Pfefer, Jesse V. Jokerst, William C. Vogt, "Blood-mimicking dye phantoms for assessing photoacoustic oximetry accuracy," Proc. SPIE PC12842, Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2024, PC1284219 (13 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001708