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18 March 2019 Molecular imaging and validation of margins in surgically excised nonmelanoma skin cancer specimens
Yiqiao Liu, Ethan Walker, Sukanya Raj Iyer, Mark Biro, InYoung Kim, Bo Zhou, Brian Straight, Matthew Bogyo, James P. Basilion, Daniel L. Popkin, David L. Wilson
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Journal of Medical Imaging, Vol. 6, Issue 1, 016001 (March 2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.6.1.016001
Abstract
In an effort to increase the efficiency and cure rate of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) excisions, we have developed a point-of-care method of imaging and evaluation of skin cancer margins. We evaluate the skin surgical specimens using a smart, near-infrared probe (6qcNIR) that fluoresces in the presence of cathepsin proteases overexpressed in NMSC. Imaging is done with an inverted, flying-spot fluorescence scanner that reduces scatter, giving a 70% improved step response as compared to a conventional imaging system. We develop a scheme for careful comparison of fluorescent signals to histological annotation, which involves image segmentation, fiducial-based registration, and nonrigid free-form deformation on fluorescence images, corresponding color images, “bread-loafed” tissue images, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides, and pathological annotations. From epidermal landmarks, spatial accuracy in the bulk of the sample is ∼500  μm, which when extrapolated with a linear stretch model, suggests an error at the margin of ∼100  μm, within clinical reporting standards. Cancer annotations on H&E slides are transformed and superimposed on the fluorescence images to generate the final results. Using this methodology, fluorescence cancer signals are generally found to correspond spatially with histological annotations. This method will allow us to accurately analyze molecular probes for imaging skin cancer margins.
CC BY: © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
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Yiqiao Liu, Ethan Walker, Sukanya Raj Iyer, Mark Biro, InYoung Kim, Bo Zhou, Brian Straight, Matthew Bogyo, James P. Basilion, Daniel L. Popkin, and David L. Wilson "Molecular imaging and validation of margins in surgically excised nonmelanoma skin cancer specimens," Journal of Medical Imaging 6(1), 016001 (18 March 2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.6.1.016001
Received: 15 September 2018; Accepted: 1 March 2019; Published: 18 March 2019
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Cited by 12 scholarly publications.
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KEYWORDS
Tissues
Luminescence
Cancer
Imaging systems
Skin cancer
Image registration
Skin
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