This paper presents the key features of the emerging Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON) and IEEE
802.16m based Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks to build a unified cost
effective next generation hybrid Fiber-Wireless network. NG converged-access solutions can meet the demand for cost,
mobility, bandwidth, reliability, security, and flexibility. NG-PON and 4th Generation (4G) Mobile WiMAX unified
architecture enables differentiated bandwidth allocation to end users and can provide more network range and capacity at
reduced operational cost. The concept of hybrid optical network unit and advanced base station (ONU-ABS) simplifies
the network architecture and can save some installation and operational costs.
Integration of next generation wireless technologies i.e., WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)
and or LTE (Long Term Evolution) with EPON is a brilliant concept that gives users the best of two worlds, wireless
and wired. WiMAX gives users the convenience of mobility while integration with EPON gives theoretically unlimited
bandwidth of fiber optic cable in backhaul. This paper investigates WiMAX and EPON technologies. At the end
different scenarios of integration of EPON with WiMAX are discussed and optimal QOS mapping scheme is proposed
for the integration of EPON and WiMAX.
In this research paper we propose a novel Passive Optical Network (PON) based Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMAX) access network architecture to provide high capacity and performance multimedia
services to mobile WiMAX users. Passive Optical Networks (PON) networks do not require powered equipment; hence
they cost lower and need less network management. WiMAX technology emerges as a viable candidate for the last mile
solution. In the conventional WiMAX access networks, the base stations and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
antennas are connected by point to point lines. Ideally in theory, the Maximum WiMAX bandwidth is assumed to be 70
Mbit/s over 31 miles. In reality, WiMAX can only provide one or the other as when operating over maximum range, bit
error rate increases and therefore it is required to use lower bit rate. Lowering the range allows a device to operate at
higher bit rates. Our focus in this research paper is to increase both range and bit rate by utilizing distributed cluster of
MIMO antennas connected to WiMAX base stations with PON based topologies. A novel quality of service (QoS)
algorithm is also proposed to provide admission control and scheduling to serve classified traffic. The proposed
architecture presents flexible and scalable system design with different performance requirements and complexity.
Passive Optical Network (PON) and Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) are two
emerging broadband technologies for the next-generation (NG) access networks. Integration of PON and Mobile
WiMAX might be an efficient solution to broadband network access that can take advantage of the bandwidth benefit of
fiber communications, and the mobile and non-line-of-sight features of wireless communications. By leveraging the
advantages of both of these access technologies combined on an integrated architecture platform, NG converged-access
solutions can meet the demand for mobility, bandwidth, reliability, security, and flexibility. By combining the practically
unlimited capacity of optical fiber networks with the ubiquity and mobility of wireless networks, NG Fiber-Wireless
(FiWi) networks will enable the support of a wide range of emerging and unforeseen fixed-mobile applications and
services independent of the access infrastructure. PON and 4G Mobile WiMAX integrated architecture enables
differentiated bandwidth allocation to end users that can provide more network capacity at reduced operational cost as
compared to other existing technologies.
Mobile networks and services have gone further than voice-only communication services and are rapidly developing
towards data-centric services. Emerging mobile data services are expected to see the same explosive growth in demand
that Internet and wireless voice services have seen in recent years. To support such a rapid increase in traffic, active
users, and advanced multimedia services implied by this growth rate along with the diverse quality of service (QoS) and
rate requirements set by these services, mobile operator need to rapidly transition to a simple and cost-effective, flat, all
IP-network. This has accelerated the development and deployment of new wireless broadband access technologies
including fourth-generation (4G) mobile WiMAX and cellular Long-Term Evolution (LTE). Mobile WiMAX and LTE
are two different (but not necessarily competing) technologies that will eventually be used to achieve data speeds of up
to 100 Mbps. Speeds that are fast enough to potentially replace wired broadband connections with wireless. This paper
introduces both of these next generation technologies and then compares them in the end.
In this paper we proposes a novel Passive Optical Network (PON) based broadband wireless access network
architecture to provide multimedia services (video telephony, video streaming, mobile TV, mobile emails etc) to
mobile users. In the conventional wireless access networks, the base stations (Node B) and Radio Network Controllers
(RNC) are connected by point to point T1/E1 lines (Iub interface). The T1/E1 lines are expensive and add up to
operating costs. Also the resources (transceivers and T1/E1) are designed for peak hours traffic, so most of the time the
dedicated resources are idle and wasted. Further more the T1/E1 lines are not capable of supporting bandwidth (BW)
required by next generation wireless multimedia services proposed by High Speed Packet Access (HSPA, Rel.5) for
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Evolution Data only (EV-DO) for Code Division Multiple
Access 2000 (CDMA2000). The proposed PON based back haul can provide Giga bit data rates and Iub interface can
be dynamically shared by Node Bs. The BW is dynamically allocated and the unused BW from lightly loaded Node
Bs is assigned to heavily loaded Node Bs. We also propose a novel algorithm to provide end to end Quality of Service
(QoS) (between RNC and user equipment).The algorithm provides QoS bounds in the wired domain as well as in
wireless domain with compensation for wireless link errors. Because of the air interface there can be certain times when
the user equipment (UE) is unable to communicate with Node B (usually referred to as link error). Since the link errors
are bursty and location dependent. For a proposed approach, the scheduler at the Node B maps priorities and weights
for QoS into wireless MAC. The compensations for errored links is provided by the swapping of services between the
active users and the user data is divided into flows, with flows allowed to lag or lead. The algorithm guarantees
(1)delay and throughput for error-free flows,(2)short term fairness among error-free flows,(3)long term fairness among
errored and error-free flows,(4)graceful degradation for leading flows and graceful compensation for lagging flows.
WDM based passive optical network (PON) upgrades current TDM based PON at the architecture, protocol and
dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms to provide higher bandwidth in the access networks. Various Dynamic
Wavelength and Bandwidth Allocation algorithms for WDM-PON have been studied. These DWBA algorithms exploit
both inter-channel and intra-channel statistical multiplexing in order to achieve better performance, especially when the
load on various channels is not symmetric. However, these algorithms let all ONUs share all wavelengths equally, and
decouple bandwidth allocation from the wavelength assignment, which may cause bandwidth fragmentation across
different wavelengths, and these algorithms further strictly limit the ONUs only to use one wavelength per allocation
cycle, hence, leading to the underutilized network performance. To overcome the above limitation, we propose an
enhanced dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation (EDBA) algorithm, which integrates wavelength assignment
with bandwidth allocation process. We use extensive simulation to compare the performance of EDBA to another
DWBA algorithm in 3.
We proposed novel hybrid FSO/RF architecture1 to provide broadband wireless access to end users. To provide quality
of service (QoS) bounds for different types of traffic(voice, video and data) we proposed some fair queuing algorithms2,3
,but because of the hybrid wired and wireless links there can be certain times allocated to a host when that host is unable
to transmit data because of wireless link errors. These wireless link errors are location dependent and bursty. The
channel errors can occur from multi-path fading, shadow fading or interference from another device. In this paper we
proposed a novel fair queuing algorithm to provide end to end QoS bounds to the end users for the proposed architecture
.The algorithm provide QoS bounds for Ethernet traffic in the wired domain as well as in wireless domain with
compensation for wireless link errors. Scheduler maps priorities and weights for QoS of the Ethernet traffic into wireless
MAC. By supporting existing Ethernet traffic QoS parameters 4-7, scheduler avoids the need to redefine QoS parameters
for wireless channel. By simulations and analysis we proved that the algorithm guarantees (1) delay and throughput for
error-free flows, (2) short term fairness among error-free flows, (3) long term fairness among errored and error-free
flows,(4) graceful degradation for leading flows and graceful compensation for lagging flows. Each connection QoS is
guaranteed by calculating bounds on delay and reserving the Bandwidth (BW).
KEYWORDS: Network architectures, Free space optics, Broadband telecommunications, Signal processing, Error control coding, Transceivers, Microwave radiation, Fiber to the x, Optical networks, Optical fibers
This paper proposes a novel Ethernet-based wired/wireless broadband access networking architecture that utilizes the
existing wired trunk feeder fiber of typical PON infrastructure along with a hybrid FSO/RF reliable wireless connectivity
to the end-users. By combining the benefits of both FSO and RF technologies, the proposed integrated networking
solution can provide a downstream bandwidth of up to 2.5 Gbps per wavelength and 99.999% availability at a range of 1
km in all weather conditions [2].
All the previous work on hybrid FSO/RF was based on point to point, our proposed architecture is unique in the sense of
providing point to multipoint access to end users and bringing all wired/wireless network in to single network, which is
transparent to the users.
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