Mr. Andrew James McClumpha Profile

Andrew James McClumpha

at QinetiQ Ltd

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Proceedings Article | 22 September 2003 Paper

Training, assessment, and measures of performance for effective operational use of millimeter-wave (MMW) systems

Adam Brownson, Andrew McClumpha, Kerry Tatlock

Proceedings Volume 5071, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.486995

KEYWORDS: Extremely high frequency, Scanners, Information security, Imaging systems, Human-machine interfaces, Weapons, Image processing, Interfaces, Explosives

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As technologies emerge that have the potential to significantly improve the detection and recognition of concealed weapons and objects on personnel, the ultimate effectiveness of these systems is still reliant on the performance of the operator of that system. This paper will report the work undertaken to evaluate and optimise the effectiveness of a millimetre wave (MMW) system. This was achieved through an extensive series of trials carried out at a large UK airport and also under more controlled field conditions. The paper will discuss the work carried out to develop a simple and usable human-computer interface, and the development and implementation of the training program. This training program was based on a detailed task analysis, leading to the identification of competencies required for effective weapon detection and recognition. Ultimately, however, the effectiveness of emerging technologies, such as the MMW, needs to be empirically demonstrated. To that end we will report the results of comprehensive psychophysical performance assessments that has led, probably for the first time, to performance metrics for a MMW system that combine the performance of the system with the performance of the user. For emerging technologies to be truly successful a collaborative and co-operative approach from technologists, regulators, airport authorities, human factors specialists and occupational psychologists is required. The work reported will emphasise the importance of the collaboration that has occurred.

Proceedings Article | 14 April 2000 Paper

Is airport baggage inspection just another medical image?

Alastair Gale, Mark Mugglestone, Kevin Purdy, A. McClumpha

Proceedings Volume 3981, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.383105

KEYWORDS: Medical imaging, Inspection, Visualization, Improvised explosive devices, Eye, Target detection, Visual process modeling, X-ray imaging, X-rays, Optical inspection

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A similar inspection situation to medical imaging appears to be that of the airport security screener who examines X-ray images of passenger baggage. There is, however, little research overlap between the two areas. Studies of observer performance in examining medical images have led to a conceptual model which has been used successfully to understand diagnostic errors and develop appropriate training strategies. The model stresses three processes of; visual search, detection of potential targets, and interpretation of these areas; with most errors being due to the latter two factors. An initial study is reported on baggage inspection, using several brief image presentations, to examine the applicability of such a medical model to this domain. The task selected was the identification of potential Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Specifically investigated was the visual search behavior of inspectors. It was found that IEDs could be identified in a very brief image presentation, with increased presentation time this performance improved. Participants fixated on IEDs very early on and sometimes concentrated wholly on this part of the baggage display. When IEDs were missed this was mainly due to interpretative factors rather than visual search or IED detection. It is argued that the observer model can be applied successfully to this scenario.

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