Understanding tumors and their microenvironment is essential for successful and accurate disease diagnosis. Hyperspectral imaging in VIS-NIR spectral region was used to image benign and malign skin tumors in the head and neck regions of human volunteers. The images were analyzed using five tissue indices (Dawson’s melanin and corrected erythema indices, Huang’s and Ishimaru’s skin oxygenation indices, and tissue water index) to extract tissue parameters important for understanding tumor physiology and morphology. Two examples are presented, one of a benign papillary nevus, and one of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The indices show that the nevus has substantially higher melanin index, whereas the BCC has increased erythema index, both oxygenations, and water index. The indices can help with determination and classification of tumors, and provide information about the processes present in the tumorous and healthy tissue.
Non-invasively monitoring tumors during their growth and disease progression could provide invaluable diagnostic information and improve our understanding of tumors and their microenvironment, especially blood vessels. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with integrated three-dimensional optical profilometry (3D OP) provides the necessary tools for non-invasive and contactless disease diagnosis by utilizing intrinsic tissue contrast of incoming visible and near-infrared light. Therefore, information about tissue, morphology, and pathology could be extracted from the images. In this study, we monitored six female BALB/c mice with a subcutaneously grown CT26 murine colon carcinoma over a period of 14 days, starting on the day of tumor cells injection. Blood vessels in the tumor and its surrounding healthy tissue were segmented from hyperspectral images, and physiological properties such as blood volume fraction and tissue oxygenation were extracted using the inverse adding-doubling (IAD) algorithm. The results indicate that oxygenation in blood vessels within the CT26 tumors and surrounding tissue peaks eight days after tumor cell injection at 35 %, a two-fold increase from the beginning of the study, and then gradually decreases to around 25 % 14 days after injection.
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