In recent years, it has been demonstrated that nanoparticles can be detached and removed from substrates using laser-induced
plasma (LIP) shockwaves. While it was experimentally established the effectiveness of the LIP technique for
removing nanoparticles in the sub-100nm range, the removal mechanisms were not well-understood. In this article, we
introduce a set of particle removal mechanisms based on moment resistance of the particle-substrate bond and discuss
their effectiveness and applicability in laser-induced plasma shock nanoparticle removal. The mechanical interactions between nanoparticles and shockwaves are studied by utilizing molecular dynamic simulation approach. The forces and
moments acting on nanoparticles are calculated and are related to the detachment mechanisms. It is demonstrated that
sub-100nm particles can be detached from various substrates. Experiments and simulations are performed to study the
effect of LIP on optical and EUVL/LTEM substrates in terms of substrate damage. Initial experiments and simulations
reveal the window of safe operation of LIP and the mechanisms responsible for material alterations if any at close
distances of operation of LIP above the substrate.
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