Uniform scalar quantizers are widely used in image coding. They are known to be optimum entropy constrained scalar quantizers within the high resolution assumption. In this paper, we focus on the design of nearly uniform scalar quantizers for high performance coding of wavelet coefficients whatever the bitrate is. Some codecs use uniform scalar quantizers with a zero quantization bin size (deadzone) equal to two times the other quantization bin sizes (for example JPEG2000). We address the problem of deadzone size optimization using distortion rate considerations. The advantages of the proposed method are that the quantizer design is adapted to both the source statistics and the compression ratio. Our method is based on statistical information of the wavelet coefficients distribution. It provides experimental gains up to 0.19 dB.
Future high resolution instruments planned by CNES to succeed SPOT5 will lead to higher bit rates because of the increase in both resolution and number of bits per pixel, not compensated by the reduced swatch. Data compression is then needed, with compression ratio goals higher than the 2.81 SPOT5 value obtained with a JPEG like algorithm. Compression ratio should rise typically to 4 - 6 values, with artifacts remaining unnoticeable: SPOT5 algorithm performances have clearly to be outdone. On another hand, in the framework of optimized and low cost instruments, noise level will increase. Furthermore, the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and the sampling grid will be fitted together, to -- at least roughly -- satisfy Shannon requirements. As with the Supermode sampling scheme of the SPOT5 Panchromatic band, the images will have to be restored (deconvolution and denoising) and that renders the compression impact assessment much more complex. This paper is a synthesis of numerous studies evaluating several data compression algorithms, some of them supposing that the adaptation between sampling grid and MTF is obtained by the quincunx Supermode scheme. The following points are analyzed: compression decorrelator (DCT, LOT, wavelet, lifting), comparison with JPEG2000 for images acquired on a square grid, compression fitting to the quincunx sampling and on board restoration (before compression) versus on ground restoration. For each of them, we describe the proposed solutions, underlining the associated complexity and comparing them from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, giving the results of experts analyses.
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