Dr. Davood X. Varghai Profile

Dr. Davood X. Varghai

Research Associate, Research lab Director at Univ Hospitals of Cleveland

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Publications (7)

Proceedings Article | 23 February 2009 Paper

Optimal gadolinium dose level for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement of U87-derived tumors in athymic nude rats for the assessment of photodynamic therapy

Nathan Cross, Davood Varghai, Chris Flask, Denise Feyes, Nancy Oleinick, David Dean

Proceedings Volume 7161, 71612Y (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.809707

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Brain, Photodynamic therapy, Resonance enhancement, Magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroimaging, Scanners, Tissues, Image segmentation, Gadolinium

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Proceedings Article | 26 February 2008 Paper

Monitoring Pc 4-mediated photodynamic therapy of U87 tumors with dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in the athymic nude rat

Davood Varghai, Kelly Covey, Rahul Sharma, Nathan Cross, Denise Feyes, Nancy Oleinick, Chris Flask, David Dean

Proceedings Volume 6842, 68422P (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763983

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Brain, Tissues, Resonance enhancement, Magnetic resonance imaging, Signal detection, Statistical analysis, Scanners, Resistance

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Proceedings Article | 23 March 2007 Paper

Monitoring Pc 4-mediated photodynamic therapy of U87 tumors with 18F- fluorodeoxy-glucose PET imaging in the athymic nude rat

Davood Varghai, Nathan Cross, Chandra Spring-Robinson, Rahul Sharma, Denise Feyes, Yusra Ahmad, Nancy Oleinick, Raymond Muzic, David Dean

Proceedings Volume 6424, 64242G (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.701517

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Brain, Positron emission tomography, Tissues, Neuroimaging, Veins, Surgery, Optical coherence tomography, Mode conditioning cables

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Proceedings Article | 23 March 2007 Paper

Analysis of 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose PET imaging data captured before and after Pc 4-mediated photodynamic therapy of U87 tumors in the athymic nude rat

Nathan Cross, Davood Varghai, Chandra Spring-Robinson, Rahul Sharma, Raymond Muzic, Nancy Oleinick, D. Dean

Proceedings Volume 6424, 64242F (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.701672

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Photodynamic therapy, Brain, Positron emission tomography, Neuroimaging, Tissues, Visualization, Image segmentation, Image processing, Scanners

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Proceedings Article | 23 March 2007 Paper

Fluorescence of Pc 4 in U87 cells following photodynamic therapy

Davood Varghai, Kashif Azizuddin, Yusra Ahmad, Nancy Oleinick, David Dean

Proceedings Volume 6424, 64242A (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.701338

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Luminescence, Tumors, Confocal microscopy, Visualization, Cancer, Brain, Surgery, Microelectromechanical systems, Sodium

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Proceedings Article | 23 March 2007 Paper

Hardware, software, and scanning issues encountered during small animal imaging of photodynamic therapy in the athymic nude rat

Nathan Cross, Rahul Sharma, Davood Varghai, Chandra Spring-Robinson, Nancy Oleinick, Raymond Muzic, David Dean

Proceedings Volume 6424, 64242K (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.701642

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Brain, Photodynamic therapy, Neuroimaging, Scanners, Image segmentation, Head, Data modeling, 3D image reconstruction, Preclinical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 25 April 2005 Paper

Pc 4 photodynamic therapy of U87 (human glioma) orthotopic tumor in nude rat brain

David Dean, John George, Yusra Ahmad, Michael Wolfe, Lothar Lilge, Rachel Morris, Allyn Peterson, W. Lust, Ali Totonchi, Davood Varghai, Xiaolin Li, Charles Hoppel, Jiayang Sun, Nancy Oleinick

Proceedings Volume 5686, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.591213

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Brain, Photodynamic therapy, Tissues, Cell death, Cancer, Plasma, Luminescence, Surgery, Oxygen

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Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for Barrett’s esophagus, advanced esophageal cancer, and both early and late inoperable lung carcinoma is now FDA-approved using the first generation photosensitizer PhotofrinTM (Axcan Pharma, Birmingham, AL). Photofrin-mediated PDT of glioma is now in Phase III clinical trials. A variety of second generation photosensitizers have been developed to provide improved: (1) specificity for the target tissue, (2) tumoricidal capability, and (3) rapid clearance the vascular compartment, skin, and eyes. The phthalocyanine Pc 4 is a second generation photosensitizer that is in early phase I clinical trials for skin cancer. We have undertaken a preclinical study that seeks to determine if Pc 4-mediated PDT can be of benefit for the intra-operative localization and treatment of glioma. Methods: Using a stereotactic frame, 250,000 U87 cells were injected via Hamilton syringe through a craniotomy, and the dura, 1-2 mm below the cortical surface of nude (athymic) rat brains (N=91). The craniotomy was filled with a piece of surgical PVC and the scalp closed. After two weeks of tumor growth, the animals received 0.5 mg/kg Pc 4 via tail vein injection. One day later the scalp was re-incised, and the PVC removed. The tumor was then illuminated with either 5 or 30 Joule/cm2 of 672-nm light from a diode laser at 50 mW/cm2. The animals were sacrificed one day later and the brain was cold-perfused with formaldehyde. Two thirds of the explanted brains are now being histologically surveyed for necrosis after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and for apoptosis via immunohistochemistry (i.e., TUNEL assay). The other third were analyzed by HPLC-mass spectrometry for the presence of drug in tumor, normal brain, and plasma at sacrifice. Initial histological results show PDT-induced apoptosis and necrosis confined to the growing (live) portion of the tumor. Preliminary analysis shows an average selectivity of Pc 4 uptake in the bulk tumor to be 3.8 times greater than in normal brain tissue. Discussion: The observed specificity and tumoricidal activity of Pc 4 warrants further preclinical studies to determine the preferred Pc 4 drug and light dose for future glioma patient clinical trials.

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