Nd3+ doped TeO2-ZnO glasses with double line waveguides produced by femtosecond (fs) laser writing technique are presented. The waveguides are written directly into these glasses using a femtosecond (fs) Ti:Sapphire laser, operating at 800 nm, delivering 30 fs pulses at 10 kHz repetition rate. Each written line is formed by several collinearly overlapping lines. When double line waveguides are produced, the light is guided in between the two lines and a negative refractive index change is produced in the region of the fs laser’s focus. However, as the absorption of the material at 800 nm (4 I9/2 → 4 F 5/2 + 2 H9/2 transition of Nd3+) is in resonance with the fs laser, the heating of the material makes writing difficult. In this context, the use of several overlapping lines represents a good alternative as the velocity of the writing can be increased to avoid, heating. We report results of output mode profile, beam quality factor M2 and refractive index change for, different parameters used for the fs laser writing. Pulse energies were 15μJ for 4 and 8 overlapping lines and 30 μJ for 2, 4 and 8 overlapping lines and the writing speed was 0.5 mm/s. The present investigation evaluates the best condition for the waveguides inscription, studying the influence of different parameters used in the writing process aiming at future photonic applications.
Random lasers (RLs) have been thoroughly studied for applications such as high definition speckle free imaging, lithography, miniature spectroscopy, etc. RLs made with crystalline powders have shown promising results, with high emission efficiencies and narrow wavelength bandwidth. However, few studies on glass random lasers have been made, since its inhomogeneous broadening make it hard to verify the linewidth narrowing characteristic of laser emission. Here, we describe linewidth and temporal measurements for a TZA glass doped with 16 wt% neodymium. We verified a 0.5 nm linewidth narrowing at laser threshold. The pump intensity where the transition occurs coincided with the appearance of a faster emission decay, showing the presence of laser emission for higher pump power energies. This result is promising in understanding random lasing for glass powders.
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