The temperature and thermal stress distributions of end-pumped Er: YAG rod and slab are analyzed by using the finite element method. A thermal-structural coupling model is established for the thermal effects analysis of the crystal based on the steady heat conduction theory. The influences of the crystal structure parameters on the thermal effects inside the Er:YAG slabs and rods are discussed. The analysis results show that the slab structure can effectively improve the thermal distribution performance of the laser medium under the same clear aperture and pumping conditions, compared with the rod crystal. In addition, the thermal effects can be further reduced by increasing the width-to-thickness ratio of the slab. It is also found that a well-designed gradient doping technology can efficiently reduce thermal effects, resulting in the higher output power and beam quality than that in the uniform doping Er: YAG crystal.
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