Dr. Francesco Castaldo Profile

Dr. Francesco Castaldo

System Engineer at Leonardo SpA

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Publications (4)

Proceedings Article | 23 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Infrared atmospheric radiative transfer: a fast computational approach with agile MODTRAN atmosphere reconstruction

G. Auricchio, F. Castaldo

Proceedings Volume 12736, 127360E (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2679789

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Transmittance, Atmospheric propagation, Absorption, Radiative transfer, Atmospheric modeling, Infrared search and track, Infrared radiation, Inhomogeneities, Detection and tracking algorithms

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In this paper we present a numerical method able to compute atmospheric radiance based on ray path. In this way is possible to evaluate relevant features of Infrared Search & Track (IRST) such as the so called Target Contrast Irradiance, i.e. difference between irradiance received with and without an obstacle towards a fixed Line-Of-Sight. The proposed model evaluates propagation of electromagnetic waves in parametric spectral band by means of computational procedure that relies on integral solution of radiative transfer differential equation defined in inhomogeneous domain such as atmosphere. Atmospheric properties are reconstructed by agile offline usage of MODTRAN® tool and then summarised in synthetic data structure that can be easily loaded in simulation initialization. Atmospheric data structure is devised to resume macroscopic properties of homogeneous layers, among which we mention temperature, absorption, scattering and uniform angular average of incoming radiance. Furthermore atmospheric propagation is fully described by accounting spherical/ellipsoidal geometry, extinction and emission terms, i.e. thermal and scattering radiance sources. Specifically computational algorithm has two main functions, one that reconstructs slant path individuating local delta in atmospheric layers, the other that compute incoming radiation on the basis of ray path, allowing to compute both background and target radiance. In other words the core algorithm constitutes a discrete functional that take as input local path delta in respective layers and returns radiance and transmittance. Moreover, setting electro-optics sensor resolution and target features, it is possible to evaluate theoretical performances of parametric IRST by means of TCI evaluation. Numerical approach described in this paper, called IR-ART (InfraRed Atmospheric Radiative Transfer), constitutes an accurate, fast and versatile algorithm, based on full physical description, that can be used to evaluate ideal performances or integrated in real-time simulative contest to reconstruct realistic electro-optical flux in several operative mode (e.g. IRST and FLIR) and IR spectral band. Furthermore it can be enforced with 3D target modelling to better evaluate cross-section and emission.

Proceedings Article | 12 September 2021 Presentation + Paper

The M3T process for IRST systems

F. Castaldo, R. Giordano, M. D'Auria, F. Fargnoli, A. Cenci

Proceedings Volume 11866, 118660P (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2600231

KEYWORDS: Infrared search and track, Sensors, Data modeling, Signal processing, Infrared sensors, Atmospheric modeling, Ranging, Performance modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, Clouds

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2021 Presentation + Paper

Towards cognitive IRST

R. Conte, F. Castaldo, A. Leoni, F. Stellino, A. Andreoni, L. Fortunato

Proceedings Volume 11866, 118660I (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2600250

KEYWORDS: Infrared search and track, Radar, Target detection, Computing systems, Sensors, Receivers, Passive sensors, Optical scanning systems, Computer programming, Cognitive modeling

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Proceedings Article | 6 October 2017 Paper

Passive ranging effectiveness and related metrics in realistic flight scenarios

Francesco Castaldo, Roberto Conte, Luca Fortunato

Proceedings Volume 10433, 104331C (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2277177

KEYWORDS: Infrared search and track, Ranging, Filtering (signal processing), Image processing, Signal processing, Target detection, Radar, Error analysis, Infrared imaging, Passive sensors

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