High-frequency signal generators are required in such applications as telecommunications, radar, medical equipment, remote control, probing, radio astronomy, and spectroscopy. One can use an optoelectronic oscillator on a photonic integrated circuit in these applications due to its ease of implementation and low phase noise level. This article considers an optoelectronic oscillator with a phase shifter as a phase modulator implemented in a photonic integrated circuit to simplify the photonic integrated circuit design. The simulation results show that this system can generate microwave signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio (at least 35.27 dB). The side mode suppression ratio was up to 5.94 dB lower than the Mach-Zehnder modulator scheme. This proposed scheme can be used for microwave signal generation in various telecommunication applications and in interrogation tasks.
The article describes an approach to simulating a microring resonator structure on the silicon nitride integrated photonics platform when exposed to various hazardous to human health gases. We simulated various gases by changing the refractive index of the medium surrounding the resonator from 1 (vacuum) to 1.001768 (CCl4). The microring structure resonant wavelengths varied for various gases, and the quality factor, sensitivity, and intrinsic detection limit were determined. The simulation results show that it is possible to detect a wide range of gases hazardous to human health, including carbon tetrachloride, mercury vapor, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen monoxide, using the developed sensor. However, it is impossible to distinguish the last two gases based on the results of the current work using the SiN platform. Coatings are one of the potential ways to improve the designed sensor for detecting these gases.
This article analyzes the influence of the accuracy of manufacturing microring resonators on the characteristics of sensors based on silicon-on-insulator and silicon nitride platforms of integrated photonics. We estimated a deviation of 8 nm in increasing and decreasing the waveguide width. The results indicate that inaccuracies in the width of the waveguides lead to a resonant shift, but they do not affect the sensor’s sensitivity.
This paper analyzes the prospects for applying optical beams carrying orbital angular momentum (vortex beams) for sensing. We give short retrospectives on environmental properties one can measure with vortex beams, such as liquids turbulence, temperature, and movement. We also propose a new method based on photonic integrated circuits for determining liquids’ refractive index and turbulent properties using vortex beams. The essence of the method is to measure the refractive index and detect the vortex order simultaneously. The developing sensor consists of two microring resonators: a vortex emitter, which also acts as a refractive index-based temperature sensor, and a receiver. This method can potentially increase the measurements’ accuracy and measure the liquid’s turbulence.
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