Joseph Georges, Xiaowei Liu, Jennifer Eschbacher, Joshua Nichols, Michael Mooney, Anna Joy, Robert Spetzler, Burt Feuerstein , Trent Anderson, Mark Preul, Hao Yan, Peter Nakaji
Improved tools for providing specific intraoperative diagnoses could improve patient care. In neurosurgery, intraoperatively differentiating non-operative lesions can be challenging, often necessitating immunohistochemical (IHC) procedures which require up to 24-48 hours. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of generating rapid ex vivo specific labeling using a novel lymphoma-specific fluorescent switchable aptamer. Our B-cell lymphoma-specific switchable aptamer produced only low-level fluorescence in its unbound conformation and generated an 8-fold increase in fluorescence once bound to its target on CD20-positive lymphoma cells. The aptamer demonstrated strong binding to B-cell lymphoma cells within 10 minutes of incubation. We applied the switchable aptamer to ex vivo xenograft tissue harboring B-cell lymphoma and astrocytoma, and within one hour specific visual identification of lymphoma was routinely possible. In this proof-of-concept study in human cell culture and orthotopic xenografts, we conclude that a fluorescent switchable aptamer can provide rapid and specific labeling of B-cell lymphoma, and that developing aptamer-based labeling approaches could simplify tissue staining and drastically reduce time to histopathological diagnoses compared with IHC-based methods. We propose that switchable aptamers could enhance expeditious, accurate intraoperative decision-making.
We report a photonic approach for selective inactivation of viruses with a near-infrared ultrashort pulsed
(USP) laser. We demonstrate that this method can selectively inactivate viral particles ranging from nonpathogenic
viruses such as M13 bacteriophage, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to pathogenic viruses like
human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). At the same time sensitive
materials like human Jurkat T cells, human red blood cells, and mouse dendritic cells remain unharmed.
Our photonic approach could be used for the disinfection of viral pathogens in blood products and for the
treatment of blood-borne viral diseases in the clinic.
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