We investigated the optical and optoelectronic properties of vertically aligned Al:ZnO nanorod arrays synthesized by the hydrothermal technique at a considerably low temperature on a sputtered Al:ZnO seed layer. The nanorod arrays maintained remarkable alignment along the c-axis over a large area. The seed layers and nanorod arrays showed various optical band gaps. Investigation of the optoelectronic properties of nanorod arrays on Al:ZnO/p-Si seed layer with SiO2 revealed that the photocurrent is significantly reduced in nanorod arrays on a AZO/SiO2/p-Si heterojunction due to multiple scattering phenomena associated with nanorod arrays. This research may open up venues for various optical and opto-electronic applications where highly aligned nanostructures are desired.
This paper presents the design of glucose sensors that will be integrated with advanced nano-materials, bio-coatings and
electronics to create novel devices that are highly sensitive, inexpensive, accurate, and reliable. In the work presented, a
glucose biosensor and its fabrication process flow have been designed. The device is based on electrochemical sensing
using a working electrode with bio-functionalized zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-rods. Among all metal oxide nanostructures,
ZnO nano-materials play a significant role as a sensing element in biosensors due to their properties such as high
isoelectric point (IEP), fast electron transfer, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and chemical stability which are very crucial
parameters to achieve high sensitivity. Amperometric enzyme electrodes based on glucose oxidase (GOx) are used due
to their stability and high selectivity to glucose. The device also consists of silicon dioxide and titanium layers as well as
platinum working and counter electrodes and a silver/silver chloride reference electrode. Currently, the biosensors are
being fabricated using the process flow developed. Once completed, the sensors will be bio-functionalized and tested to
characterize their performance, including their sensitivity and stability.
We report on the growth of vertically aligned Al:ZnO nanorod arrays synthesized by the hydrothermal technique at
considerably low temperature on a sputtered Al:ZnO seed layer. The morphology demonstrates that the nanorod arrays
maintain remarkable alignment along the c-axis over a large area. The optoelectronic properties of nanorod arrays on
Al:ZnO/p-Si seed layer with SiO2 have been illustrated. The photocurrent is significantly reduced in nanorod arrays on
AZO/SiO2/p-Si heterojunction due to multiple scattering phenomena associated with the nanorod arrays. The optical
properties of the AZO film with and without the AZO nanorod arrays were investigated. Also the effects of an
intermediate layer in the AZO/P-Si heterojunction structure with and without the AZO nanorod array present were
explored. All the various intermediate layers displayed photovoltaic effect behavior, especially with the AZO/SiO2/P-Si
heterojunction structure, which exhibited ideal diode behavior. The optoelectronic properties of nanorod arrays on
AZO/P-Si seed layer with SiO2 have been illustrated. The photocurrent is significantly reduced in nanorod arrays on
AZO/SiO2/P-Si heterojunction due to multiple scattering phenomena associated with the nanorod arrays. The results
have tremendous impact for sensor fabrication, including glucose sensor.
We report here the investigation of Al-doped ZnO films fabricated by the RF magnetron deposition technique. The films
show excellent crystalline quality with atomically smooth surface morphology. The Al-doped ZnO films have been
characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy UV-visible
spectrophotometer and four probe technique. It was found that the morphological, structural, electrical and optical
properties of Al-doped ZnO films are greatly dependent on substrate temperature. XRD patterns show that all the films
are well crystallized with hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferred orientation along (0 0 2) plane. The electrical
resistivity of Al-doped ZnO films decreases with increasing substrate temperature and was found to be close to 1.5 × 10-3
ohm-cm and transmittance >85% in the visible region.
A. Pradhan, R. Mundle, K. Zhang, T. Holloway, O. Amponsah, D. Biswal, R. Konda, C. White, H. Dondapati, K. Santiago, T. Birdsong, M. Arslan, B. Peeples, D. Shaw, J. Smak, C. Samataray, M. Bahoura
Magnetic nanoparticles of CoFe2O4 have been synthesized under an applied magnetic field through a co-precipitation
method followed by thermal treatments at different temperatures, producing nanoparticles of varying size. The
magnetic behavior of these nanoparticles of varying size was investigated. As-grown nanoparticles demonstrate
superparamagnetism above the blocking temperature, which is dependent on the particle size. The anomalous
magnetic behavior is attributed to the preferred Co ions and vacancies arrangements when the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles
were synthesized under applied magnetic field. Furthermore, this magnetic property is strongly dependent on the high
temperature heat treatments, which produce Co ions and vacancies disorder. We performed the fabrication of
condensed and mesoporous silica coated CoFe2O4 magnetic nanocomposites. The CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles
were encapsulated with well-defined silica layer. The mesopores in the shell were fabricated as a consequence of
removal of organic group of the precursor through annealing. The NiO nanoparticles were loaded into the
mesoporous silica. The mesoporous silica coated magnetic nanostructure loaded with NiO as a final product may
have potential use in the field of biomedical applications.
Growth mechanism of ZnO nanorod arrays on ZnO seed layer investigated by electric and Kelvin probe
force microscopy. Both electric and Kelvin force probe microscopy was used to investigate the surface potentials on
the ZnO seed layer, which shows a remarkable dependence on the annealing temperature. The optimum temperature
for the growth of nanorod arrays normal to the surface was found to be at 600 °C, which is in the range of right
surface potentials and energy measured between 500 °C and 700 °C. We demonstrated from both EFM and Kelvin
force probe microscopy studies that surface potential controls the growth of ZnO nanorods. This study will provide
important understanding of growth of other nanostructures. ZnO nanolayers were also grown by atomic layer
deposition techniques. These nanolayers of ZnO demonstrate remarkable optical and electrical properties. These
nanolayers were patterned by the Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) technique.
A major goal of nanotechnology is to couple the self-assembly of molecular nanostructures with
conventional lithography, using either or both bottom-up and top-down fabrication methods, that would enable us to
register individual molecular nanostructures onto the functional devices. However, combining the nanofabrication
technique with high resolution Electron Beam Lithography, we can achieve 3D bimolecular or/and DNA origami that
will be able to identify nucleic acid sequences, antigen targets, and other molecules, as for a perfect nano-biosensor.
We have explored some of the nanopatterning using EBL in order to fabricate biomolecule sensing on a single chip
with sub nm pitch. The applications are not limited for the bioactivity, but for enhancing immunoreactions, cell
culture dishes, and tissue engineering applications.
Low dimensional europium (Eu3+)-doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) lanthanide nanostructures are synthesized by an effective and simple coprecipitation process followed by subsequent heat treatments. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images indicate Eu3+-doped Gd2O3 nanostructures undergo significant morphological changes from nanorods to nanoparticles during thermal treatments. Nanostructures with different morphology, including nanotubes, strongly influence the photoluminescence properties. The dependence of luminescence lifetime on morphological nature of the nanostructures demonstrates that the one dimensional nanostructures such as nanorods and nanotubes have higher emission intensity with shorter lifetime. Our analysis suggests that the morphological transformation of the nanostructures plays the most important role in the behavior of radiative and nonradiative relaxation mechanisms, resulting in the overall photoluminescence properties.
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