Stage positioning accuracy in mask writers and metrology equipment is typically stated as a single number by equipment manufacturers (average plus 3-sigma value). The error budget that constitutes this specification is seldom discussed with equipment purchasers and is usually confined to the equipment manufacturer and their suppliers. Interferometer subsystems consist of multiple technical disciplines including stable wavelength laser technology, optomechanics (interferometers), detectors, electronics, and algorithms (phase measurement and interface electronics). Each technology has significantly advanced since the introduction of laser interferometry on mask and wafer lithography and metrology equipment. This paper discusses the error budget related to the interferometry subsystem and possible improvements to this subsystem going forward.
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