Piezoelectric transducers can convert the mechanical energy into electrical one with their direct piezoelectric effect, or reciprocally convert the electrical energy into mechanical one with their inverse piezoelectric effect. Various applications were developed based on either of these two effects, for example, sensors and energy harvesters using the direct piezoelectric effect and actuators using the inverse piezoelectric effect. Yet, few of them have fulfilled the multi-functional purposes, which are useful in some application scenarios. This paper proposes a bidirectional energy conversion circuit (BECC) solution for the time-division energy harvesting and actuating purposes. The circuit topology is derived from the synchronized triple bias-flip circuit, which was formerly used for energy harvesting enhancement. The circuit topology and control logic for energy harvesting and actuating modes are discussed in details. Two designs are studied for investigating the potential applications of the BECC. In the linear piezoelectric structure, the BECC can be used to provide vibration excitation and then reclaim the vibration energy. Such time-division energy injection and reclamation can be used in some non-destructive structural health evaluations. The proposed BECC can be also used to realize the controllable orbit exciter in nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting systems. It is the first time to realize a compact and integrated orbit exciter and energy harvester by using a single interface circuit. Simulations and experiments are carried out for validating the performance of the BECC towards versatile engineering designs.
As a nonlinear system, bistable energy harvester produces large amplitude vibration and high energy output since it allows the system transit from one stable state to the other. However, it is challenging to activate the high-energy orbit oscillation in ambient environments, where vibration level would be low. This paper proposes a method that an electrical coupling between an electromagnetic energy harvester and a piezoelectric energy harvester is used to help the hybrid system overcome the potential well barrier and maintain in the high-energy orbit. A control switch is employed to electrically connect or disconnect the two energy harvesters. The interaction between them will bring the system from low-energy orbit to high-energy orbit. Benefited from nonlinear features with the coupling, both energy harvesters will stay on the high-energy orbit after the coupling action. Harmonic balance method is employed to demonstrate the multi-solution characteristics of the bistable energy harvester. Furthermore, a coupled model based on Hamilton’s principle and Kirchhoff’s circuit laws is developed to reveal the jumping phenomenon. Simulation results show that high-energy orbit is achieved and maintained after the coupling. Our proposed solution requires no complex structure design or external power source, so as to provide a feasible and reliable solution to address the critical issue of bistable energy harvesters in practical applications.
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