The detection of rapid dynamics in diverse physical systems is traditionally very difficult and strongly dominated by several noise contributions. Laser mode-locking, electron bunches in accelerators, and optical-triggered phases in materials are events that carry important information about the system from which they emerge. By detecting single-shot spectra with high repetition rates over long-time scales, new possibilities and applications to diagnose, control and tailor the spectral dynamics of lasers and electron beams in synchrotron and free-electron laser (FEL) accelerators open up. This contribution focuses on the latest developments of real-time, single-shot, high-repetition-rate detectors and data acquisition systems, with a special focus on emerging technologies and new possibilities in the diagnostics of rogue optical signals.
The photonic time-stretch technique allows electric field pulse shapes to be recorded with picosecond resolution, at megahertz acquisition rates. Using this strategy, we could directly record spatial patterns that spontaneously appear in relativistic electron bunches, and follow their dynamical evolution over time. We present recent results obtained using two strategies. At SOLEIL, we present the shapes of the THz pulses which are emitted by the structures, and detected far from the emission point, at the end of a beamline. At ANKA, we present how it has been possible to monitor directly the electron bunch near-field. These new types of single-shot recordings allow direct and stringent tests to be performed on electron bunch dynamical models in synchrotron radiation facilities.
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