KEYWORDS: In vitro testing, Laser lithotripsy, Thermal modeling, Laser safety, Safety, Laser therapeutics, Injuries, High power lasers, In vivo imaging, Tissues
The objective of this study was to map parameter boundaries for thermally safe laser and irrigation settings. The experimental system consisted of models simulating ureter, renal calyx, and renal pelvis placed in a water bath maintained at 37°C. Thermal dose for each trial was calculated based on Dewey and Sapareto t43 methodology. A parameter safety boundary was established by plotting the maximal safe power level for each irrigation rate. The boundary was found to be linear for each scenario with the renal pelvis able to tolerate the highest laser power and renal calyx the least power without injury.
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