Oral cancer (OC) is one of the most common oral malignancies. Despite significant advances in medical devices, the five-year survival rate of OC remains low. Current technologies based on tissue pathology are insufficient to diagnose OC at early stages. Molecular sensitive technique such as optical spectroscopy, on the other hand, has the potential for early-stage diagnostics and non-invasive tissue interrogation. Raman spectroscopy (RS), for instance, is a powerful vibrational spectroscopy that allows highly sensitive detection of low concentration analytes, as well as molecular fingerprints of bio samples to be studied non-invasively. Additionally, higher spatial resolution, narrow peaks, better sensitivity and minimal sample preparation makes RS a potential tool for analysing oral cancer in a clinical setting. In this study, we will validate the potential of Raman spectroscopy (RS) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for oral cancer diagnostics. Patients having biopsy and histopathological examination were involved in this study. Ex vivo measurements were performed on saliva specimen using SERS while in-vivo analysis was performed by RS. Integration of in vivo tissue and ex vivo sample analysis could potentially improve early-stage OC detection, and hence the overall survival rate of OC.
Oral cancer is one of the most malignant cancers in the world. Early-stage diagnosis of oral cancer is complex process due to the multifocal unspecific development of non-malignant lesions into cancer and impossibility to take biopsy of every lesion. The aim of this study is to develop a screening method for oral cancer diagnosis at early stages using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and validate the performance of a multimodal system including Raman spectroscopic (RS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) oral cancer diagnosis and accurate margin detection. The study will involve the identification and integration of spectral biomarkers involved in the carcinogenesis process from different modalities. Each modality SERS, RS and DRS is calibrated and standardized individually. Patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma and other malignant diseases going through biopsy or histopathological examination are enrolled in this study. Ex vivo study involves the SERS analysis of saliva specimen and in vivo analysis will involve measurements on various tissue types, including malignant tissue and healthy contralateral site to evaluate the reproducibility and signal-to-noise ratio using fiber-optic probes for Raman and DRS systems. Feature selection methods and further machine learning tools will be used to discriminate between healthy, benign and cancer lesions based on spectral information and to identify important biomarkers. After data collection, clinician will perform a normal biopsy procedure and histopathological analysis, which will serve as gold standard to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the spectroscopy techniques.
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