Dr. Marjorie Schmeltz Profile

Dr. Marjorie Schmeltz

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Proceedings Article | 4 November 2010 Paper

Remote sensing reflectance reconstruction to obtain water optical properties from MERIS multi-spectral satellite images

Marjorie Schmeltz, Jean-Marie Froidefond, Frédéric Jourdin, Peter Gege

Proceedings Volume 7858, 78580C (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.869302

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Water, Sensors, Remote sensing, Satellites, Scanning probe microscopy, Signal attenuation, Optical properties, Absorption, MODIS

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We use a multiple regression analysis and a data bank of about 400 reflectance spectra to reconstruct hyperspectral reflectances between 400 and 900 nm with a 5 nm step using only the values known at the wavelengths of the MERIS sensor level 2 data. For in situ remote sensing reflectances measured during different oceanographic missions, the reconstruction is within 2 per cent almost over the entire spectrum. The main difference (to a maximum of 4 per cent) usually occurs at the inflexion point of the reflectance curve between 580 and 600 nm. Observed in-situ remote sensing reflectances or reconstructed spectra are inverted using a Water Colour Simulator bio-optical model (WASI) to obtain the inherent optical properties (IOP) of the water. The values derived by the model are compared with the measurements when available. To validate the reconstruction, we compare the results of the model inversion using the initial spectrum or the reconstructed one as input. Preliminary results show that the derived values from the inversion of the reconstructed spectrum are very close to the values generated from the inversion of the initial spectrum, especially in case 1 waters. This reconstruction technique is used to generate hyperspectral remote sensing reflectances from reflectance data calculated by the MERIS sensor. We use the reconstructed spectra as input to be inverted in the WASI model in order to quantify the substances' concentrations; in particular, the inversion is working well for the suspended particulate matter concentrations.

Proceedings Article | 19 August 2009 Paper

IOP from reflectance measurements to obtain the Kd coefficient: application to the Gabon and Congo coastal waters

M. Schmeltz, J.-M. Froidefond, F. Jourdain, N. Martiny

Proceedings Volume 7459, 74590A (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.828851

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Signal attenuation, Water, Absorption, Remote sensing, Backscatter, Particles, Ocean optics, Optical testing, Sensors

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During the "Optic-Congo" oceanographic survey which took place in 2005 on board the "Beautemp-Beaupré" SHOM vessel, different optical measurements of the surface water were acquired using a TRIOS radiance sensor fixed onboard a mini-catamaran. Hydrological measurements (CTD, fluorescence, attenuation, scattering) and water samples were simultaneously collected in order to measure SPM, Chlorophyll-a and CDOM concentrations. Four types of surface water colours (blue, green-yellow, dark and brown) were identified. The main characteristics of these waters were the very low Chlorophyll-a concentrations for this period of the year (March), and the very high CDOM concentrations along the Congo coast, and particularly in the turbid plume of the Congo River. The attenuation and scattering measurements highlighted the predominance of organic matter at the water surface. These observations were documented using a beam electron microscope and by microanalysis. This data set was used to classify the water bodies along the Gabon and Congo coasts. We propose here to use the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) measurements to invert the IOP (absorption (a) and backscattering (b_b)) using the WASI numerical bio-optical model. The model is iterative: the Rrs WASI simulations are computed given initial values of ocean constituents' concentrations and iteratively adjusted to the Rrs in-situ measurements. The IOP computations are satisfying when the correlations between simulated and measured Rrs are optimized. Then, the attenuation coefficients (K_d) are computed from the IOP coefficients. These results are compared with measurements of K_u carried out during the survey.

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